Energy-Efficient Wireless Sensor’s Routing Using Balanced Unequal Clustering Technique

Abstract

From last few years, advance researches in wireless sensor network have been extensively taken place. One of the major challenges in WSN is to prolong sensor node’s operational lifetime. For this, many clustering algorithms have been proposed that provide an effective way to improve energy efficiency. However, they rarely consider the position of base station and hot-spot problem during multihop routing. To solve such routing layer problem, we propose an energy-efficient routing in unequal clustering (EERUC) technique. This technique starts with preparation phase in which base station plays important role in deciding prerequired parameter like optimal probability threshold by applying genetic algorithm on node’s geographical position and residual energy. We have fixed base station location in the middle of sensor network which balances energy consumption load equally among clusters. During setup phase, final CHs are selected based on internal competition between temporary CHs whose competitive radius range intercepts with each other. In this technique, distance factor and node’s residual energy are considered as important clustering parameters. These parameters are normalized to produce different competitive radii of CHs as normalization provides better selection of radius in comparison with existing approach. Our novel approach retains unequal size cluster for few rounds and cluster head selection will rotate within a cluster for every round. This method effectively reduces clustering overhead by balancing energy consumption of network. The results show that the proposed technique improves network lifetime as compared to existing techniques.