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Australia Re-discovers Africa…and Then Tries to Forget It Again

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Australia and Africa

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Abstract

This chapter tell two stories: one of the Australian Labor government’s broadened and deepened ‘new engagement’ with Africa between 2007 and 2013, and the other of the Tony Abbott and Malcolm Turnbull-led conservative Australian governments’ disengagement from the continent since 2013. Pijović examines what both governments did in their engagement with Africa, detailing the specific polices that—in a matter of years—changed that engagement so substantially. While the Labor government strategically utilized its expanding aid budget and pursuit of United Nations Security Council (UNSC) membership to proactively seek a ‘new engagement’ with Africa, the conservative governments that followed Labor have exhibited little interest in maintaining that ‘new engagement’, remaining more comfortable with a reactive, ‘episodic’ and largely ad hoc engagement with Africa.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    For other works helping to shape the ‘Rise of Africa ’ narrative, see Radelet (2010), Severino and Ray (2011), and Robertson et al. (2012).

  2. 2.

    Phone interview with senior DFAT official, 8 April 2014.

  3. 3.

    Phone interview with senior DFAT official, 15 October 2014.

  4. 4.

    Phone interview with senior DFAT official, 13 November 2014.

  5. 5.

    Phone interview with senior DFAT official, 13 November 2014.

  6. 6.

    Phone interview with Stephen Smith , 25 September 2014.

  7. 7.

    Phone interview with Stephen Smith, 25 September 2014.

  8. 8.

    Phone interview with senior DFAT official, 15 October 2014.

  9. 9.

    Phone interview with senior DFAT official, 13 October 2014.

  10. 10.

    Colin Barnett speech at ADU Conference 2014, author personal notes; see also Merrillees (2014).

  11. 11.

    Interview with retired senior DFAT official, Canberra, 7 April 2014.

  12. 12.

    Interview with retired senior DFAT official, Canberra, 12 August 2014.

  13. 13.

    Phone interview with Stephen Smith, 25 September 2014.

  14. 14.

    Phone interview with Stephen Smith , 25 September 2014. According to a senior DFAT official, ‘Stephen Smith was absolutely crucial in developing a policy towards Africa that eventually delivered us victory [in the UNSC membership bid]’. Phone interview with senior DFAT official, 9 April 2014.

  15. 15.

    Interview with Gareth Evans , Canberra, 17 September 2015.

  16. 16.

    Phone interview with Stephen Smith , 25 September 2014.

  17. 17.

    According to one senior DFAT official, it was in 2009 that DFAT was also given more funds to expand the Africa section into a whole branch—a larger administrative unit with more employees; phone interview with senior DFAT official, 15 October 2014.

  18. 18.

    Interview with senior DFAT official, Canberra, 10 September 2014.

  19. 19.

    Phone interview with Stephen Smith, 25 September 2014.

  20. 20.

    Phone interview with Stephen Smith , 25 September 2014.

  21. 21.

    There were only a handful of previous Australian Parliamentary inquiries into African issues, none of which had a pan-African character but were either regional, country-based, or focused on Australian overseas diplomatic representation and aid. These are: the 1980 Inquiry on Zimbabwe ; the 1982 Inquiry on Namibia, the 1983 The provision of developmental assistance and humanitarian aid to the Horn of Africa, and Some observations on Australia’s diplomatic representation in Africa and adjacent Indian Ocean island states inquiries; the 1984 Regional conflict and superpower rivalry in the Horn of Africa inquiry; the 1996 Australia’s relations with Southern Africa inquiry; and the 2006 Australia’s Trade and Investment Relations with North Africa inquiry.

  22. 22.

    Phone interview with senior DFAT official, 13 October 2014.

  23. 23.

    Interview with senior DFAT official, Canberra, 23 April 2015.

  24. 24.

    Phone interview with senior DFAT official, 8 April 2014; Interview with retired senior DFAT official, Canberra, 19 May 2014; Interview with senior DFAT official, Canberra, 30 May 2014; Interview with retired senior DFAT official, Canberra, 12 August 2014; Phone interview with senior DFAT official, 13 October 2014; Phone interview with senior DFAT official, 15 October 2914; Interview with senior DFAT official, Canberra, 23 April 2015.

  25. 25.

    Interview with Bob McMullan, Australia’s Parliamentary Secretary for International Development Assistance 2007–2010, Canberra, 1 June 2016. McMullan argued that Kevin Rudd was ‘central’ to Labor’s commitment of increasing Australia’s ODA to 0.5% of GNI.

  26. 26.

    Interview with senior Australian Council for International Development official, Canberra, 28 August 2014; Interview with senior DFAT official, Canberra, 30 May 2014; for Rudd’s Christian influences, see also Marr (2010, 10, 60–61).

  27. 27.

    In an interview for this research, Bob McMullan argued that the UNSC campaign would have still most probably happened regardless of Kevin Rudd ’s role, but that the timing of the campaign was very much determined by Rudd.

  28. 28.

    Interview with retired senior DFAT official, Canberra 12 August 2014. Phone interview with Stephen Smith , 25 September 2014; Phone interview with senior DFAT official, 13 October 2014.

  29. 29.

    Interview with senior DFAT official, Canberra, 23 April 2015; see also ALP (2004, 87–89). Rudd’s ability to remember and marshal (‘know his’) facts appear to be at least partially confirmed by Marr (2010, 72).

  30. 30.

    Interview with senior DFAT official, Canberra, 23 April 2015. This view appears consistent with ALP’s (2007) Constitution and National Platform which highlighted enhancing foreign policy engagement with Africa as a distinct policy in its own right.

  31. 31.

    Phone interview with senior DFAT official, 13 October 2014.

  32. 32.

    Phone interview with senior Australian diplomat and DFAT official, who was in 2007 heading an Australian diplomatic mission in an African country, 13 October 2014. Still, it was only in DFAT’s 2009–2010 annual report that the department for the first time explicitly mentioned the ADU ; see DFAT (2010, 68–70).

  33. 33.

    Building Sustainable Peace in Africa: Engaging Australians public workshop at the University of Melbourne, 3 May 2013, author notes.

  34. 34.

    Phone interview with Stephen Smith , 25 September 2014.

  35. 35.

    Interview with retired DFAT official, Canberra, 7 April 2014.

  36. 36.

    Phone interview with senior Africa Down Under conference organizer and Paydirt Media official, 31 July 2014.

  37. 37.

    Interview with senior Australian Council for International Development official, Canberra, 28 August 2014.

  38. 38.

    Phone interview with Stephen Smith , 25 September 2014.

  39. 39.

    Interview with senior DFAT official, Canberra, 10 March 2015.

  40. 40.

    Interview with senior DFAT official, Canberra, 10 March 2015.

  41. 41.

    Based on the comparison of Australian ODA from the last Labor government budget in 2012/13 and estimates for the Turnbull conservative government’s 2017/2018 ODA budget (for references, see Chapter 5). Australian ODA to Latin America was the most severely cut, by some 83%, but from a very low base—from AUD 35.9 million in 2012/2013 to AUD 5.9 million in 2017/2018; ODA to SSA was cut by some 73%—from AUD 401.2 million in 2012/2013 to AUD 108 million in 2017/2018.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Africa Research and Engagement Centre, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia

    Nikola Pijović

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Pijović, N. (2019). Australia Re-discovers Africa…and Then Tries to Forget It Again. In: Australia and Africa. Africa's Global Engagement: Perspectives from Emerging Countries. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3423-8_4

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