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Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

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Severe Trauma and Sepsis

Abstract

Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) characterized by severe inflammation and lung injury causes high morbidity and mortality. Currently, there have been no effective therapies for ALI/ARDS. Stem cells, with multipotent capacity the potential therapeutic option for ALI/ARDS by modulating the immune response and promoting repair of the damaged tissue. Of the various stem cell-based therapies, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), stem-like cells, stem cell-educated cells, and modified stem cells have the accumulated data to support their potential therapeutic efficacy for lung injury. Stem cells appear to exert their effects via multiple mechanisms. Recently, the release of paracrine factors microvesicles and/or exosome has been shown to correlate with stem cell-afforded protection against ALI. Encouragingly, two early-phase clinical trials of stem cells in patients with ARDS demonstrated their safety with no serious adverse effects. Nevertheless, stem cell-based therapies offer both opportunities and challenges for the treatment of ARDS patients. Moreover, the identified standard in order to choose ARDS patients for stem cell-based therapy and longer-term adverse effects under stem cell-based therapy must be established and evaluated. In this section, we aimed to emphasize that stem cells are a highly promising potential therapy for ALI/ARDS.

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  1. Institute for Pediatric Research, Affiliated Children’s Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China

    Yunyun Xu, Jianghuai Wang & Jian Wang

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  2. Jianghuai Wang
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  1. Wound Healing and Cell Biology Lab, First Affiliated Hospital, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China

    Xiaobing Fu

  2. State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chong Qing, China

    Liangming Liu

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Xu, Y., Wang, J., Wang, J. (2019). Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. In: Fu, X., Liu, L. (eds) Severe Trauma and Sepsis. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3353-8_18

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