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Advances in Stem Cell Research in Sepsis

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Severe Trauma and Sepsis

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Abstract

Sepsis is one of the leading causes of death among hospitalized patients despite appropriate antimicrobial and resuscitative approaches. Recent research has focused on exogenous stem cell-based therapy. This chapter is mainly divided into two sections, endogenous stem cell- and exogenous mesenchymal stem cell-based treatment in sepsis. Sepsis-related endogenous stem cells include muscle stem cell dysfunction and hematopoietic stem cell exhaustion and myelosuppression in sepsis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) display multiple beneficial properties as a promising candidate for stem cell-based therapy by their intrinsic ability to decrease apoptosis and home to injured tissue, beneficially modulate immune cells, secrete paracrine signals (e.g., IL-10, PGE2, and IDO) to limit systemic and local inflammation, activate resident stem cells, and stimulate neoangiogenesis. These effects are associated with improved survival and reduced organ dysfunction in animal models. Indeed, research utilizing sepsis animal models have revealed the ability of MSCs to markedly inhibit the multi-organ dysfunction as well as the inciting inflammatory phase of sepsis observed in the later phase of sepsis resulting in improving organ function and survival, and recently clinical trials have demonstrated the safety of intravenous infusion MSCs with sepsis patients. Overall, more multicenter random clinical trials need to be developed to evaluate the role of MSCs and establish the standardized clinical guideline in septic patient in the future.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China

    Xiao He, Mengwei Yao & Xiang Xu

  2. First Department, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital and Research Institute of Surgery, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China

    Xiao He, Mengwei Yao & Xiang Xu

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China

    Mengwei Yao & Xiang Xu

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  1. Xiao He
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  2. Mengwei Yao
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  3. Xiang Xu
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Correspondence to Xiang Xu .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Wound Healing and Cell Biology Lab, First Affiliated Hospital, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China

    Xiaobing Fu

  2. State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chong Qing, China

    Liangming Liu

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He, X., Yao, M., Xu, X. (2019). Advances in Stem Cell Research in Sepsis. In: Fu, X., Liu, L. (eds) Severe Trauma and Sepsis. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3353-8_17

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3353-8_17

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