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Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide into Useful Low-Carbon Fuels

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CO2 Separation, Purification and Conversion to Chemicals and Fuels

Part of the book series: Energy, Environment, and Sustainability ((ENENSU))

Abstract

In this chapter, preliminary discussion on the need for mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions in today’s scenario is emphasized, followed by the foundation to the conversion of CO2 into useful chemicals. Various techniques employed for CO2 sequestration are introduced, and in the midst of these approaches, electrochemical reduction of CO2 is emphasized, owing to its advantages in product selectivity, operation at ambient conditions without supplementary chemical requirements, environmental compatibility, relatively simple modularity and quick scalability. Different types of catalysts reported in the literature for activating and reducing CO2 are critically analysed. To start with, metallic electrodes in aqueous solutions and nanoporous materials are discussed. The reaction mechanism and effect of supporting electrolytes, pressure, and temperature are summarized. Combination of various techniques such as bio-electrochemical reduction and photocatalytic technologies have been accentuated. Furthermore, limitations and outlook of electrochemical reduction of CO2 are presented, in which development of modules similar to that of commercially available H2O electrolysers could pave the way for commercialization of electrocatalytic reduction of CO2.

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Abbreviations

ADH:

Alcohol dehydrogenase

AldDH:

Aldehyde dehydrogenase

AMS:

American Meteorological Society and Environmental Technology

ARCI:

International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials, Hyderabad

BAU:

Business-as-usual

BP:

British Petroleum oil and gas company

CNT:

Carbon nanotubes

Cu/Zn-H:

Zn deposited from high concentration (1 M) on Cu substrate

Cu/Zn-L:

Zn deposited from low concentration (0.1 M) on Cu substrate

DNV group:

Det Norske Veritas group

FDH:

Formate dehydrogenase

FE:

Faradaic efficiency

G. Sulfurreducens:

Geobacter sulfurreducens

GAB:

Genetically altered bacteria

GDE:

Gas diffusion electrodes

GHG:

Greenhouse gas

HEO:

Hydrogen evolution overvoltage

IEA:

International Energy Agency

IPCC:

Intergovernmental panel on climate change

MoU:

Memorandum of Understanding

NCCR:

National Centre for Catalysis Research

NOAA:

National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration

NRC-ICPET:

National Research Council-Institute of Chemical Process

SHE:

Standard hydrogen electrode

SPE:

Solid polymer electrolyte

STEP:

Solar thermal electrochemical photo

USA:

United States of America

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India

    Raghuram Chetty, G. Keerthiga & K. S. Rajmohan

  2. Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, 382010, Gujarat, India

    Sunita Varjani

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, 506004, Telangana, India

    S. Srinath & K. S. Rajmohan

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  1. Raghuram Chetty
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  2. Sunita Varjani
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  3. G. Keerthiga
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  5. K. S. Rajmohan
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Correspondence to K. S. Rajmohan .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria

    Franz Winter

  2. Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Rashmi Avinash Agarwal

  3. Department of Energy Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

    Jan Hrdlicka

  4. Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India

    Sunita Varjani

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Chetty, R., Varjani, S., Keerthiga, G., Srinath, S., Rajmohan, K.S. (2019). Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide into Useful Low-Carbon Fuels. In: Winter, F., Agarwal, R., Hrdlicka, J., Varjani, S. (eds) CO2 Separation, Purification and Conversion to Chemicals and Fuels. Energy, Environment, and Sustainability. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3296-8_8

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