Abstract
Improving the energy efficiency and sustainability in the urban sector plays a vital role in the energy transition. Hence, it is important to consider promising ways to design sustainable urban energy hubs linking neighborhoods into energy systems. Improving the efficiency and sustainability of urban energy infrastructure is a process with multiple steps. This chapter presents the workflow that is required to be followed in this process. A brief overview about the methods that can be used to consider urban climate, urban simulation, and energy system design are presented in this chapter highlighting the crosslinks among these topics. Finally, the chapter presents the research gaps and promising areas to conduct future research.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Alves CA, Duarte DHS, Gonçalves FLT (2016) Residential buildings’ thermal performance and comfort for the elderly under climate changes context in the city of São Paulo Brazil. Energy Build 114:62–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.06.044
Ashie Y, Ca VT, Asaeda T (1999) Building canopy model for the analysis of urban climate. J Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn 81:237–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(99)00020-3
Barbosa R, Vicente R, Santos R (2015) Climate change and thermal comfort in Southern Europe housing: a case study from Lisbon. Build Env 92:440–451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.05.019
Belcher S, Hacker J, Powell D (2005) Constructing design weather data for future climates. Build Serv Eng Res Technol 26:49–61. https://doi.org/10.1191/0143624405bt112oa
Bošnjaković M (2013) Wind power buildings integration. J Mech Eng Autom 3. https://doi.org/10.17265/2159-5275/2013.04.005
Bueno B, Hidalgo J, Pigeon G, Norford L, Masson V (2013) Calculation of air temperatures above the urban canopy layer from measurements at a rural operational weather station. J Appl Meteorol Climatol 52:472–483. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAMC-D-12-083.1
Campos-Arriaga L (2009) Wind energy in the built environment : a design analysis using CFD and wind tunnel modelling approach. The University of Nottingham
Chow DHC, Li Z, Darkwa J (2013) The effectiveness of retrofitting existing public buildings in face of future climate change in the hot summer cold winter region of China. Energy Build 57:176–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.11.012
Christensen J, Kjellström E, Giorgi F, Lenderink G, Rummukainen M (2010) Weight assignment in regional climate models. Clim Res 44:179–194
Coccolo S (2017) Bioclimatic design of sustainable campuses using advanced optimisation methods
Coccolo S, Kämpf J (2015) Urban energy simulation based on a new data model paradigm: the CityGML application domain extension energy. A case study in the EPFL campus of Lausanne. In: 14th International conference IBPSA—building simulation 2015 BS 2015 conference proceedings
Connolly D, Lund H, Mathiesen BV, Leahy M (2010) A review of computer tools for analysing the integration of renewable energy into various energy systems. Appl Energy 87:1059–1082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.09.026
CORDEX n.d. http://cordex.org/. Accessed 27 Feb 2016
European Solar Thermal Technology Platform (ESTTP) (2009) Solar heating and cooling for a sustainable energy future in Europe
Fant C, Adam Schlosser C, Strzepek K (2016) The impact of climate change on wind and solar resources in Southern Africa. Appl Energy 161:556–564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.03.042
Fath K, Stengel J, Sprenger W, Wilson HR, Schultmann F, Kuhn TE (2015) A method for predicting the economic potential of (building-integrated) photovoltaics in urban areas based on hourly radiance simulations. Sol Energy 116:357–370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2015.03.023
Fernandez-Jimenez LA, Mendoza-Villena M, Zorzano-Santamaria P, Garcia-Garrido E, Lara-Santillan P, Zorzano-Alba E et al (2015) Site selection for new PV power plants based on their observability. Renew Energy 78:7–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2014.12.063
Field CB, Barros V, Stocker TF, Dokken DJ, Ebi KL, Mastrandrea M et al (2012) Summary for policymakers. In: Managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, New York, NY, USA
Fisk WJ (2015) Review of some effects of climate change on indoor environmental quality and health and associated no-regrets mitigation measures. Build Env 86:70–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.12.024
Florio P, Roecker C, Munari Probst MC, Scartezzini J-L (2016) Visibility of building exposed surfaces for the potential application of solar panels: a photometric model. In: Biljecki F, Tourre V (eds) Eurographics workshop urban data model. Vis., Liège. https://doi.org/10.2312/udmv.20161419
Florio P, Probst MCM, Schüler A, Scartezzini J-L (2017) Visual prominence vs architectural sensitivity of solar applications in existing urban areas: an experience with web-shared photos. Energy Procedia 122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.07.437
Fowler HJ, Blenkinsop S, Tebaldi C (2007) Linking climate change modelling to impacts studies: recent advances in downscaling techniques for hydrological modelling. Int J Climatol 27:1547–1578. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1556
Garuma GF (2017) Review of urban surface parameterizations for numerical climate models. Urban Clim 2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.uclim.2017.10.006
Giorgetta MA, Jungclaus J, Reick CH, Legutke S, Bader J, Böttinger M et al (2013) Climate and carbon cycle changes from 1850 to 2100 in MPI-ESM simulations for the coupled model intercomparison project phase 5. J Adv Model Earth Syst 5:572–597. https://doi.org/10.1002/jame.20038
Giorgi F (2006) Regional climate modeling: status and perspectives. J Phys IV Proc 139:18. https://doi.org/10.1051/jp4:2006139008
Guen ML, Mosca L, Perera ATD, Coccolo S, Mohajeri N, Scartezzini J-L (2018) Improving the energy sustainability of a Swiss village through building renovation and renewable energy integration. Energy Build 158:906–923. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.10.057
Hurtado JP, Fernández J, Parrondo JL, Blanco E (2004) Spanish method of visual impact evaluation in wind farms. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 8:483–491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2003.12.009
ICLEI U. UN-Habitat (2009) Sustainable Urban Energy Planning. https://unhabitat.org/books/sustainable-urban-energy-planning/. Accessed 15 Oct 2018
International Energy Agency IEA (2002) Potential for building integrated photovoltaics
International Energy Agency IEA (2014) Technology roadmap: solar photovoltaic energy
IPCC (2007) Climate change 2007: synthesis report. Contribution of working groups I, II and III to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland
Kalvelage K, Passe U, Rabideau S, Takle ES (2014) Changing climate: the effects on energy demand and human comfort. Energy Build 76:373–380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.03.009
Kao S-C, Sale MJ, Ashfaq M, Uria Martinez R, Kaiser DP, Wei Y et al (2015) Projecting changes in annual hydropower generation using regional runoff data: an assessment of the United States federal hydropower plants. Energy 80:239–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.11.066
Karimpour M, Belusko M, Xing K, Boland J, Bruno F (2015) Impact of climate change on the design of energy efficient residential building envelopes. Energy Build 87:142–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.10.064
Kavgic M, Mavrogianni A, Mumovic D, Summerfield A, Stevanovic Z, Djurovic-Petrovic M (2010) A review of bottom-up building stock models for energy consumption in the residential sector. Build Env 45:1683–1697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2010.01.021
Kershaw T, Eames M, Coley D (2011) Assessing the risk of climate change for buildings: a comparison between multi-year and probabilistic reference year simulations. Build Env 46:1303–1308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2010.12.018
Kjellström E, Nikulin G, Hansson U, Strandberg G, Ullerstig A (2011) 21st century changes in the European climate: uncertainties derived from an ensemble of regional climate model simulations. Tellus A 63:24–40
Kohler M, Blond N, Clappier A (2016) A city scale degree-day method to assess building space heating energy demands in Strasbourg Eurometropolis (France). Appl Energy 184:40–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.09.075
Krpo A, Salamanca F, Martilli A, Clappier A (2010) On the impact of anthropogenic heat fluxes on the urban boundary layer: a two-dimensional numerical study. Bound-Layer Meteorol 136:105–127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-010-9491-2
Kuehner AL, Mdeihli N, Coccolo S, Perera ATD, Mohajeri N, Scartezzini J-L (2017) Extending building integrated photovoltaics (BiPV) using distributed energy hubs. A case study in Cartigny, Switzerland. Energy Procedia 122:487–492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.07.299
Lizcano PE, Manchado C, Gomez-Jauregui V, Otero C (2017) Virtual reality to assess visual impact in wind energy projects. In: Eynard B, Nigrelli V, Oliveri S, Peris-Fajarnes G, Rizzuti S (eds) Advances on mechanics, design engineering and manufacturing. Springer, Cham, pp 717–725. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45781-9_72
Manfren M, Caputo P, Costa G (2011) Paradigm shift in urban energy systems through distributed generation: methods and models. Appl Energy 88:1032–1048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.10.018
Martilli A (2007) Current research and future challenges in urban mesoscale modelling. Int J Climatol 27:1909–1918. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.1620
Mauree D, Nadège B, Clappier A, Kämpf JH, Scartezzini J-L (2015) Evaluation of building energy use: from the urban to the building scale. In: Proceedings of 9th international conference on urban climate, Toulouse
Mauree D, Coccolo S, Kaempf J, Scartezzini J-L (2017) Multi-scale modelling to evaluate building energy consumption at the neighbourhood scale. PLoS One 12:e0183437. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0183437
Mauree D, Coccolo S, Perera ATD, Nik V, Scartezzini J-L, Naboni E (2018a) A new framework to evaluate urban design using urban microclimatic modeling in future climatic conditions. Sustainability 10:1134. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10041134
Mauree D, Blond N, Clappier A (2018) Multi-scale modeling of the urban meteorology: integration of a new canopy model in the WRF model. EarthArXiv 2018. https://doi.org/10.17605/osf.io/w89cj
Max Bittel H, Perera ATD, Mauree D, Scartezzini J-L (2017) Locating multi energy systems for a neighborhood in Geneva using K-means CLUSTERING. Energy Procedia 122:169–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.07.341
Meehl GA, Stocker TF, Collins W, Friedlingstein P, Gaye A, Gregory J et al (2007) Global climate projections climate change 2007: the physical science basis. In: Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt K, Tignor M, Mill HL (eds) Contribution of working group I to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, New York, pp 747–845
Minelli A, Marchesini I, Taylor FE, De Rosa P, Casagrande L, Cenci M (2014) An open source GIS tool to quantify the visual impact of wind turbines and photovoltaic panels. Env Impact Assess Rev 49:70–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2014.07.002
Munari Probst MC, Roecker C (2011) Urban acceptability of building integrated solar systems: LESO-QSV approach. Eurosun 2011, ISES 2011
Munari Probst MC, Roecker C (eds) (2012) Solar energy systems in architecture. DA 2. IEA SHC Task 41
Munari Probst MC, Roecker C (2015) Solar energy promotion & urban context protection: LESO-QSV (Quality—Site—Visibility) method. In: 31th International PLEA conference
Nik VM (2010) Climate simulation of an attic using future weather data sets—statistical methods for data processing and analysis. Licentiate Thesis. Chalmers University of Technology
Nik VM, Sasic Kalagasidis A, Kjellström E (2012a) Assessment of hygrothermal performance and mould growth risk in ventilated attics in respect to possible climate changes in Sweden. Build Env 55:96–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.01.024
Nik VM, Sasic Kalagasidis A, Kjellström E (2012b) Statistical methods for assessing and analysing the building performance in respect to the future climate. Build Env 53:107–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.01.015
Nolte I, Strong D (2011) Europe’s buildings under the microscope
Nouvel R, Brassel K-H, Bruse M, Duminil E, Coors V, Eicker U et al (2015) SIMSTADT, a new worflow-driven urban energy simulation platform for CityGML City Models. In: CISBAT international conference, pp 889–894
Nouvel R, Zirak M, Coors V, Eicker U (2017) The influence of data quality on urban heating demand modeling using 3D city models. Comput Env Urban Syst 64:68–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2016.12.005
Oke TR (1967) City size and the urban heat island. Atmos Env 1973 7:769–779. https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-6981(73)90140-6
Oke TR (1982) The energetic basis of the urban heat island. Q J R Meteorol Soc 108:1–24. https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49710845502
Pakkala TA, Köliö A, Lahdensivu J, Kiviste M (2014) Durability demands related to frost attack for Finnish concrete buildings in changing climate. Build Env 82:27–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.07.028
Perera ATD, Wickremasinghe DMIJ, Mahindarathna DVS, Attalage RA, Perera KKCK, Bartholameuz EM (2012) Sensitivity of internal combustion generator capacity in standalone hybrid energy systems. Energy 39:403–411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2011.12.039
Perera ATD, Attalage RA, Perera KKCK, Dassanayake VPC (2013a) Converting existing internal combustion generator (ICG) systems into HESs in standalone applications. Energy Convers Manag 74:237–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2013.05.022
Perera ATD, Attalage RA, Perera KKCK, Dassanayake VPC (2013b) Designing standalone hybrid energy systems minimizing initial investment, life cycle cost and pollutant emission. Energy 54:220–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.03.028
Perera ATD, Attalage RA, Perera KKCK, Dassanayake VPC (2013c) A hybrid tool to combine multi-objective optimization and multi-criterion decision making in designing standalone hybrid energy systems. Appl Energy 107:412–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.02.049
Perera ATD, Madusanka AN, Attalage RA, Perera KKCK (2015) A multi criterion analysis for renewable energy integration process of a standalone hybrid energy system with internal combustion generator. J Renew Sustain Energy 7:043128. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4928684
Perera ATD, Mauree D, Scartezzini JL, Nik VM (2016) Optimum design and control of grid integrated electrical hubs considering lifecycle cost and emission. In: 2016 IEEE international energy conference ENERGYCON, pp 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1109/energycon.2016.7513968
Perera ATD, Nik VM, Mauree D, Scartezzini J-L (2017a) Electrical hubs: an effective way to integrate non-dispatchable renewable energy sources with minimum impact to the grid. Appl Energy 190:232–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.12.127
Perera ATD, Mauree D, Scartezzini J-L (2017b) The energy hub concept applied to a case study of mixed residential and administrative buildings in Switzerland. Energy Procedia 122:181–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.07.342
Perera ATD, Wickramasinghe U, Nik VM, Scartezzini J-L (2017c) Optimum design of distributed energy hubs using hybrid surrogate models (HSM). Energy Procedia 122:187–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.07.343
Perera ATD, Nik VM, Mauree D, Scartezzini J-L (2017d) An integrated approach to design site specific distributed electrical hubs combining optimization, multi-criterion assessment and decision making. Energy 134:103–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.06.002
Perera ATD, Coccolo S, Scartezzini J-L, Mauree D (2018) Quantifying the impact of urban climate by extending the boundaries of urban energy system modeling. Appl Energy 222:847–860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.04.004
Pigeon G, Zibouche K, Bueno B, Le Bras J, Masson V (2014) Improving the capabilities of the town energy balance model with up-to-date building energy simulation algorithms: an application to a set of representative buildings in Paris. Energy Build 76:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2013.10.038
Prudhomme C, Wilby RL, Crooks S, Kay AL, Reynard NS (2010) Scenario-neutral approach to climate change impact studies: application to flood risk. J Hydrol 390:198–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.06.043
Pryor SC, Schoof JT, Barthelmie RJ (2006) Winds of change?: projections of near-surface winds under climate change scenarios. Geophys Res Lett 33:L11702. https://doi.org/10.1029/2006GL026000
Ratti C, Raydan D, Steemers K (2003) Building form and environmental performance: archetypes, analysis and an arid climate. Energy Build 35:49–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(02)00079-8
Reinhart CF, Davila CC (2016) Urban building energy modeling—a review of a nascent field. Build Env 97:196–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.12.001
Reinhart C, Dogan T, Jakubiec A, Rakha T, Sang A (2013) UMI—an urban simulation environment for building energy use, daylighting and walkability. In: Reinhart CF, Dogan T, Jakubiec JA, Rakha T, Sang A (eds) 13th Conference on International Buildings Performance Simulation Association Chambéry France, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Architecture, August 26–28, pp 476–483
Remund J, Müller S, Kunz S. (2015) Meteonorm. Global Metereological Database. Version 7
Robinson D, Haldi F, Kämpf J, Leroux P (2009) CitySim: comprehensive micro-simulation of resource flows for sustainable urban planning. In: Proceedings of eleventh international IBPSA conference, Glasgow
Rodrigues M, Montañés C, Fueyo N (2010) A method for the assessment of the visual impact caused by the large-scale deployment of renewable-energy facilities. Env Impact Assess Rev 30:240–246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2009.10.004
Salamanca F, Martilli A (2010) A new building energy model coupled with an urban canopy parameterization for urban climate simulations—part II. Validation with one dimension off-line simulations. Theory Appl Climatol 99:345–356. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-009-0143-8
Samuelsson P, Jones CG, Willen U, Ullerstig A, Gollvik S, Hansson U et al (2011) The Rossby Centre regional climate model RCA3: model description and performance. Tellus A 63:4–23
Samuelsson P, Gollvik S, Jansson C, Kupiainen M, Kourzeneva E, de Berg WJ van (2015) The surface processes of the Rossby Centre regional atmospheric climate model (RCA4). Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI)
Seljom P, Rosenberg E, Fidje A, Haugen JE, Meir M, Rekstad J et al (2011) Modelling the effects of climate change on the energy system—a case study of Norway. Energy Policy 39:7310–7321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.08.054
Shibuya T, Croxford B (2016) The effect of climate change on office building energy consumption in Japan. Energy Build 117:149–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.02.023
Swan LG, Ugursal VI (2009) Modeling of end-use energy consumption in the residential sector : a review of modeling techniques 13:1819–1835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2008.09.033
The Global Risks Report (2016) Geneva, Switzerland: World Economic Forum
Timothée C, Perera ATD, Scartezzini J-L, Mauree D (2017) Optimum dispatch of a multi-storage and multi-energy hub with demand response and restricted grid interactions. Energy Procedia 142:2864–2869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.12.434
Wang H, Chen Q (2014) Impact of climate change heating and cooling energy use in buildings in the United States. Energy Build 82:428–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2014.07.034
de Wilde P, Coley D (2012) The implications of a changing climate for buildings. Build Env 55:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2012.03.014
Zhang HL, Van Gerven T, Baeyens J, Degrève J, Ve J (2014) Photovoltaics: reviewing the European feed-in-tariffs and changing PV efficiencies and costs. Sci World J 2014:404913. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/404913
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Perera, A.T.D., Coccolo, S., Florio, P., Nik, V.M., Mauree, D., Scartezzini, JL. (2019). Linking Neighborhoods into Sustainable Energy Systems. In: Motoasca, E., Agarwal, A., Breesch, H. (eds) Energy Sustainability in Built and Urban Environments. Energy, Environment, and Sustainability. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3284-5_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3284-5_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-3283-8
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-3284-5
eBook Packages: EnergyEnergy (R0)