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Occurrence and Health Impacts of Emerging Contaminants in Municipal Wastewater Reuse

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Water Conservation, Recycling and Reuse: Issues and Challenges

Abstract

Municipal wastewater reuse offers the potential to significantly increase the total available water resources. Recently, the occurrence of emerging contaminants (ECs), like pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), in water resources is of continued concern for the public health and safety. However, the existing conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were not originally conceived to eliminate these unidentified contaminants, which have not been monitored routinely because of the absence of stringent-specific regulation. This chapter focuses on the occurrence of these ECs and feasible opportunities for guidelines in municipal wastewater reclamation and reuse. An environmental risk assessment posed by a common means of the risk quotient shows that 27 pharmaceuticals pose high or medium risk. The concept of source control and source separation could reduce the manufacture and produce a wastewater with an optimal composition for further centralized treatment. Additional and integrated technologies for synergic treatment units are found necessary to provide high-quality recycled water and sustainable water resources.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China

    Wei Chen, Zihao Wang & Xiaoping Zhang

  2. Energy Technologies Area, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA

    Shu-Yuan Pan

  3. The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China

    Xiaoping Zhang

Authors
  1. Wei Chen
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  2. Shu-Yuan Pan
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  3. Zihao Wang
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  4. Xiaoping Zhang
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Wei Chen .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Rajeev Pratap Singh

  2. Idaho Water Resources Research Institute, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, USA

    Alan S. Kolok

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA

    Shannon L. Bartelt-Hunt

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Chen, W., Pan, SY., Wang, Z., Zhang, X. (2019). Occurrence and Health Impacts of Emerging Contaminants in Municipal Wastewater Reuse. In: Singh, R., Kolok, A., Bartelt-Hunt, S. (eds) Water Conservation, Recycling and Reuse: Issues and Challenges. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3179-4_1

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