Abstract
Chimneys are tall and slender structures primarily made for discharging gases at higher elevations so that after dilution due to atmospheric turbulence, their concentration and that of their entrained solid particles are achieved within the acceptable limits.
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Abbreviations
- RC:
-
Reinforced concrete
- IS:
-
Indian standard
- DL:
-
Dead load
- IL:
-
Imposed load
- TL:
-
Temperature load
- HMW:
-
Hourly mean wind
- ∑:
-
Summation
- ≥:
-
Greater than or equal to
- ∞:
-
Infinity
- \(\int \) :
-
Integration
- \( C_{\text{t}} \) :
-
Coefficient depending on slenderness ratio, k
- h:
-
Height of structure above base
- \( E_{\text{C}} \) :
-
Modulus of elasticity of concrete
- g:
-
Acceleration due to gravity
- \( W_{\text{t}} \) :
-
Total weight of structure including the lining and contents above base
- \( r_{\text{e}} \) :
-
Radius of gyration of stack shell at base section
- k:
-
Slenderness ratio
- \( A_{\text{h}} \) :
-
Design horizontal seismic coefficient
- Z:
-
Zone factor
- R:
-
Response reduction factor
- \( S_{\text{a}} /g \) :
-
Spectral acceleration coefficient for rock and soil sites
- \( C_{\text{V}} \) :
-
Coefficient depends on slenderness ratio k
- \( D_{\text{V}} \,{\text{and}}\,D_{\text{M}} \) :
-
Distribution factors for shear and moment, respectively, at a distance x from top
- R:
-
Response reduction factor
- \( \zeta \) :
-
Damping ratio
- I:
-
Importance factor
- A:
-
Area of cross-section at base of stack
- Z:
-
Sesmic zone and zone factor
- \( \psi_{\text{ra}} \) :
-
Assumed deflection profile of mass \( M_{r} \)
- N:
-
Number of modes
- \( P_{\text{i}} \) :
-
Participation factor
- \( C_{\text{d}} \) :
-
Drag coefficient
- \( R_{e} \) :
-
Reynolds number
- \( C_{\text{L}} \) :
-
Lift coefficient
- \( S_{n} \) :
-
Strouhal number
- \( p_{z} \) :
-
Design wind pressure
- z:
-
Height of any section of chimney in m above base
- \( \eta_{{{\text{oi}}}} \) :
-
Peak tip due to vortex shedding in the \( i{\text{th}} \) mode of vibration in m
- \( K_{{{\text{si}}}} \) :
-
Mass damping factor for \( i{\text{th}} \) mode of vibration
- \( \varphi_{zi} \) :
-
Mode shape function normalized with respect to dynamic amplitude at top of chimney in \(i {\text{th}} \) mode of vibration
- \( m_{ei} \) :
-
Equivalent mass per unit length in Kg/m in the \( i{\text{th}} \) mode of vibration
- \( \sigma \) :
-
Mass density of air to be taken as 1.2Â kg/m3
- d:
-
Effective diameter taken as average diameter over top \( 1/3{\text{rd}} \) of chimney
- \( V_{\text{cri}} \) :
-
Critical wind speed
- \( F_{\text{zoi}} \) :
-
Sectional shear force at any height zo, for ith mode of vibration
- \( M_{\text{zoi}} \) :
-
Sectional bending moment at any height zo, for ith mode of vibration
- \( F_{{z{\text{m}}}} \) :
-
Wind load in N/m due to MHW
- \( F_{{z{\text{f}}}} \) :
-
Wind load in N/m due to fluctuating component of wind at height z
- G:
-
Gust factor
- \( g_{f} \) :
-
Peak factor
- B:
-
Background factor indicating the slowly varying component of wind fluctuation
- S:
-
Size reduction factor
- E:
-
A measure of available in the wind at the natural frequency of chimney
- \( \vec{V}_{10} \) :
-
Hourly wind speed in m/sec
- \( f_{1} \) :
-
Natural frequency of chimney in Hertz
- Î’:
-
Structural damping as a fraction of critical damping to be taken as 0.016
- \( K_{\text{a}} \) :
-
Aerodynamic damping coefficient to be taken as 0.5
- L:
-
Correlation length (diameter) which may be taken as 1.0 in the absence of field data
- \( C_{\text{L}} \) :
-
RMS lift coefficient to be taken as 0.12
- \( p_{z} \) :
-
Design wind pressure at height z in N/m2
- \( M_{\text{oe}} \,{\text{or}}\,M_{\text{oi}} \) :
-
External and internal ring moments
- \( r_{\text{m}} \) :
-
Mean radius of the shell at section under considerations in m
- \( Y_{\hbox{max} } \) :
-
Lateral deflection
- \( d_{\text{cw}} \) :
-
Design crack width
- \( a_{\text{cr}} \) :
-
Distance from the point considered to the surface to the surface of the nearest longitudinal bar
- \( C_{\hbox{min} } \) :
-
Minimum cover to longitudinal bar
- \( \varepsilon_{\text{m}} \) :
-
Average steel strain at the level considered
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Jha, D.K., Phanikanth, V.S. (2019). Design of Reinforced Concrete Chimneys. In: Reddy, G., Muruva, H., Verma, A. (eds) Textbook of Seismic Design. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3176-3_7
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