Abstract
A low voltage and high gain folded cascode Operational-Amplifier with Cross-coupling in the output stage is analyzed. Small signal gain investigation is performed to find the frequency dependent parameter i.e. gain (Av). Furthermore, Conventional cascode Operational-Amplifier is contrasted with the improved folded cascode Operational-Amplifier. This analysis demonstrates that the gain of the Operational-Amplifier with Cross-Coupling in output stage is significantly higher than the gain obtained from conventional cascode Op-Amp. Cascode structure presents various advantages, for example, increased gain, low power and it is utilized to increase the ICMR. Further Cross-Coupling is utilized to enhance the gain.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Razavi, B.: Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits, 27th edn. McGraw-Hill Education, New York (2013)
Baker, J.R.: CMOS Circuit Design, Layout, and Simulation, 2nd edn (2013)
Raikos, G., Vlassis, S., Psychalinos, C.: 0.5 V bulk-driven analog building blocks. AEU - Int. J. Electron. Commun. 66(11), 920–927 (2012)
Blalock, B., Allen, P., Rincon-Mora, G.: Designing 1-V op amps using standard digital CMOS technology. IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. II: Analog Digit. Sig. Process. 45(7), 769–780 (1998)
Duque-Carrillo, J., Ausin, J., Torelli, G., Valverde, J., Deminguez, M.: 1-V rail-to-rail operational amplifiers in standard CMOS technology. IEEE J. Solid-State Circ. 35(1), 33–44 (2000)
Stockstad, T., Yoshizawa, H.: A 0.9-V 0.5-μA rail-to-rail CMOS operational amplifier. IEEE J. Solid-State Circ. 37(3), 286–292 (2002)
Yu, C.-M., Lin, Z.-M., Chen, J.-D.: A low voltage high unity-gain bandwidth CMOS OP-AMP. In: Proceedings oh the 2004 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems (2004)
Schlögl, F., Zimmermann, H.: Low-voltage operational amplifier in 0.12 μm digital CMOS technology. IEEE Proc.-Circ. Devices Syst 151(5), 395 (2004)
Chatterjee, S., Tsividis, Y., Kinget, P.: 0.5-V analog circuit techniques and their application in OTA and filter design. IEEE J. Solid. State. Circ. 40(12), 2373–2387 (2005)
Zhao, X., Zhang, Q., Wang, Y., Deng, M.: Transconductance and slew rate improvement technique for current recycling folded cascode amplifier. AEU – Int. J. Electron. Commun. 70(3), 326–330 (2016)
Huang, H.-Y., Wang, B.-R., Liu, J.-C.: High-gain and high-bandwidth rail-to-rail operational amplifier with slew rate boost circuit. In: IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (2006)
Carrillo, J., Torelli, G., Prez-Aloe, R., Duque-Carrillo, J.: 1-V rail-to-rail CMOS Op-Amp with improved bulk-driven input stage. IEEE J. Solid-State Circ. 42(3), 508–517 (2007)
Lee, E., Lam, A., Li, T.: A 0.65 V rail-to-rail constant gm Op-Amp for biomedical applications. In: 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (2008)
Pan, S., Chuang, C., Yang, C. Lai, Y.: A novel OTA with dual bulk-driven input stage. In: 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (2009)
Kargaran, E., Khosrowjerdi, H., Ghaffarzadegan, K.: A 1.5 v high swing ultra-low-power two stage CMOS OP-AMP in 0.18 µm technology. In: 2010 2nd International Conference on Mechanical and Electronics Engineering (2010)
Lee, E.: A sub-0.5 V, 1.5 µW rail-to-rail constant gm Op-Amp and its filter application. In: IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (2012)
Guang, Y., Bin, Y.: Design and analysis of a high-gain rail-to-rail operational amplifier. Procedia Eng. 29, 3039–3043 (2012)
Kulej, T.: 0.5-V bulk-driven CMOS operational amplifier. IET Circ. Devices Syst. 7(6), 352–360 (2013)
Tanaka, A., Qin, Z., Yoshizawa, H.: A 0.5-V 85-nW rail-to-rail operational amplifier with a cross-coupled output stage. In: 2013 IEEE 20th International Conference on Electronics, Circuits, and Systems (ICECS) (2013)
Ferreira, L., Sonkusale, S.: A 60-dB Gain OTA Operating at 0.25-V Power Supply in 130-nm Digital CMOS Process. IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. I: Regul. Pap. 61(6), 1609–1617 (2014)
Qin, Z., Tanaka, A., Takaya, N., Yoshizawa, H.: 0.5-V 70-nW rail-to-rail operational amplifier using a cross-coupled output stage. IEEE Trans. Circ. Syst. II: Express Briefs 63(11), 1009–1011 (2016)
Sheeparamatti, A., Bhat, M.V., Srivatsa, M.P., Nithin, M.: Design of 3.3 V rail to rail operational amplifier for high resolution ADC driver amplifier. In: International Conference on Innovative Mechanisms for Industry Applications (ICIMIA 2017), Bangalore, India, pp. 317–321 2017
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Sharma, A., Sharma, T. (2019). Small–Signal Gain Investigation of Folded Cascode Op-Amps. In: Luhach, A., Singh, D., Hsiung, PA., Hawari, K., Lingras, P., Singh, P. (eds) Advanced Informatics for Computing Research. ICAICR 2018. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 956. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3143-5_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3143-5_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-3142-8
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-3143-5
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)