Abstract
The objective of this chapter is to present the studies carried out in Mexico on Jatropha curcas L. for the generation of new varieties to satisfy the demand of the industries. The importance of genetic diversity to develop new improved varieties is discussed. Varietal trials were established in four tropical environments of Mexico based on genotypes selected according to their promising agronomical and industrial attributes. The main selection criteria addressed were grain yield, oil content, growth habit, and the presence of female flowers. J. curcas presents a large variation in yield over the years with several types of behavior. The best genotypes of the clonal trials were two clones with 100% female flowers and one clone with a predominance of male flowers, but also with the presence of female flowers. The oil content, fatty acid composition, and physicochemical characteristics of 13 selected elite genotypes were evaluated based on their yield, resulting in an oil content between 48.3% and 56.8%. The oil of J. curcas is considered unsaturated with the major components, in the genotypes evaluated, being oleic acid (21.5–39.7%) and linoleic acid (29.2–46.7%). Two female varieties with 100% female flowers were registered with the names “Gran Victoria” and “Doña Aurelia,” while a variety with the highest proportion of male flowers was used as a pollinator for the two female varieties and registered as “Don Rafael.”
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Solís Bonilla, J.L., Martínez Valencia, B.B., López-Guillén, G., Zamarripa Colmenero, A. (2019). Genetic Resources and Advances in the Development of New Varieties of Jatropha curcas L. in México. In: Mulpuri, S., Carels, N., Bahadur, B. (eds) Jatropha, Challenges for a New Energy Crop. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3104-6_2
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