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Jatropha, Challenges for a New Energy Crop pp 323–346Cite as

Jatropha: From Seed to Plant, Seed, Oil, and Beyond

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Abstract

Jatropha curcas (Jatropha), one of the most popular biofuel crops, is also one of the most controversial crops. It is generally hailed as biofuel mandate crop in Asia and Africa, but its low genetic diversity in these continents has failed most of the crop improvement programs initiated so far. Breeding through the utilization of germplasm from Mexico is one of the priority areas for its genetic improvement. Nevertheless, proper agricultural practices, which may vary from region to region, are also important, not only to obtain optimum yields from improved germplasm but also the best yield from the germplasm introduced in different agroecological systems from the wild around the Jatropha belt. It is desired that Jatropha plantations sustain themselves, and resources meant for agriculture for food shall not be diverted towards agriculture for fuels. Irrigation, nevertheless, plays an important role in ensuring economically beneficial yields from jatropha cultivation. Similarly, application of fertilizers (NPK) is important for obtaining a good harvest from Jatropha fields. While, biodiesel, obtained through transesterification, is the major fuel obtained from Jatropha, many other fuels like biogas, fuel briquettes, Fischer-Tropsch (FT) diesel, ethanol, etc. can also be obtained as by-products. Utilization of biodiesel blended with fossil diesel is least technologically challenging with regard to Jatropha-based economy. However, availability of desired quantities of fuel is a challenge. Despite all pros and cons associated with Jatropha, it is still considered as an ideal feedstock for biodiesel, which doesn’t compete with food crops, and returns are offered through several by-products.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Defence Institute of Bio-Energy Research, Defence Research and Development Organization, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India

    Atul Grover, Sweta Singh, Abhinav Singh & Madhu Bala

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  1. Atul Grover
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  2. Sweta Singh
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  3. Abhinav Singh
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  4. Madhu Bala
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. ICAR-Indian Institute of Oilseeds Research, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    Sujatha Mulpuri

  2. Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    Nicolas Carels

  3. Department of Botany, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana, India

    Bir Bahadur

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Grover, A., Singh, S., Singh, A., Bala, M. (2019). Jatropha: From Seed to Plant, Seed, Oil, and Beyond. In: Mulpuri, S., Carels, N., Bahadur, B. (eds) Jatropha, Challenges for a New Energy Crop. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3104-6_16

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