Abstract
For deeply understanding today’s China, it is important to understand how China’s past engaged into the present. What is important is that China has key factors for her long-lived existence that ensure the adaptation of China. It also confirms China’s single path in comparison with the development paths of the Western. Interestingly, it is a personal decision, but that person exploits history or is inspired by historical interests. In other words, that person is the supreme manifestation of the historical rules bearing bold Chinese characters.
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is now probably the most important decision in China’s international policies. It is a sprawling project that is intended to significantly enhance China’s connectivity to the world but in particular to its western region. In this paper, we try to prove that the decision to launch the BRI serves the present and the future plan of China. However, this initiative took its origin, momentum, and motivation as well as the obsession from the historic roots and grand ambitions of the past generations. That means the domination and participation of the past in its establishment is a unique feature of the BRI. The dominance of the past to the present establishment of the BRI comes from every aspects: from the key persons who initiated the idea of the Belt and Road (B&R), its name, its formulation rules in China’s history, as well as its goals and roles. The crucial point of the rise of the past in the BRI is considered as a landmark and reflects the long-term development rules in the history of China.
This research was funded by the National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under the project number 506.01-2016.01.
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Notes
- 1.
Kishore Mahbubani, Understanding China, Foreign Affairs. Council on Foreign Relations (2005). p. 49
- 2.
Vision and Actions on Jointly Building Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road
2015/03/28 http://en.ndrc.gov.cn/newsrelease/201503/t20150330_669367.html accessed on 12 December 2017
- 3.
In the late Spring and Autumn period (770–476 BC), Fuchai, king of the state of Wu (whose capital was in present-day Suzhou), ventured north to attack the state of Qi. He ordered a canal be constructed for trading purposes, as well as a means to ship ample supplies north in case his forces should engage the northern states of Song and Lu. See more at Needham, Joseph. (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part 3, Civil Engineering and Nautics. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd.pp.271–272
- 4.
Clive Ponting (2008). World History: A New Perspective. Random House. p. 370
- 5.
Zheng commanded expeditionary voyages to Southeast Asia, South Asia, Western Asia, and East Africa from 1405 to 1433. His larger ships stretched 120 m or more in length. These carried hundreds of sailors on four tiers of decks. See more at: Pollard, Elizabeth (2015). Worlds Together Worlds Apart. New York: W.W. Norton & Co. p. 409
- 6.
The “subject” mentioned in this research means the initiator of B&R.
- 7.
Monks and Merchants, curated by Annette L. Juliano and Judith A. Lerner, February 17, 2018, Asia Society Museum http://sites.asiasociety.org/arts/monksandmerchants/index.html
- 8.
In September 2013, Xi Jinping became secretary general of the Communist Party, and 6 months after being elected, President Xi Jinping proposed the overland component, the Silk Road Economic Belt, during a trip to Kazakhstan. He announced the Maritime Silk Road on a trip to Indonesia a few weeks later. These two efforts culminated in the announcement of the formal initiative in May 2014, at the Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia.
- 9.
The initiative, renamed the Belt and Road Initiative in 2016, is not always consistent. Chinese statements about new undertakings don’t always mention a Belt and Road linkage. But with any new Chinese project outside the country’s borders, there is an implicit expectation that it will fit somehow with the Belt and Road.
- 10.
See more at: Christopher K. Johnson, Center for strategic & international studies (CSIS), President Xi JinPing ‘s “Belt and Road” Initiative, Apractical Assessment of the Chinese Communist Party’s Roadmap for China’s global Resurgence, 2016.
- 11.
Hu Angang (editor), Tran Khang, Bui Xuan Tuan (translation) (2003). Chinese Great Strategies. Hanoi: Publishing House of News Agency.
- 12.
Xi Jinping (2014). Xi Jinping tan zhi guo li zheng,. Beijing: Wai wen chu ban she, Publisher: 外文出版社有限责任公司p. 287
- 13.
Dong Ngan – Tu Son (2014) Chuyện về mộ bố ông Tập Cận Bình http://dantri.com.vn/the-gioi/chuyen-ve-mo-bo-ong-tap-can-binh-1413886096.htm. Accessed on 31 January 2018
- 14.
Pham Sy Thanh (2017). A Strategic OBOROne Belt One Road of China and Policy Implications for Vietnam,. Ha noi:World Publisher. p. 127
- 15.
See more at: Le (Editor) (1994). Chinese Silk Road Dictionary. China: Xinjiang Publishing House
- 16.
Boulnois, Luce (2005). Silk Road: Monks, Warriors & Merchants. Hong Kong: Odyssey Books. p. 66
- 17.
See also: Juan Pablo Cardenal & Heriberto Araújio (2013). China’s Silent Army: The Pioneers, Traders, Fixers and Workers Who Are Remaking the World in Beijing’s Image. New York: Clown Publisher
- 18.
Hu Angang (2003). Chinese Great Strategies. Hanoi: Publishing House of News Agency. p.90
- 19.
This obsession is so great that the Chinese have compiled a dictionary called “National Shame.”
- 20.
Ho An Cuong (ed.), Tran Khang, Bui Xuan Tuan (trans. 2003), Chinese Great Strategies. Hanoi: Publishing House of News Agency. p. 363
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Van, D.T. (2019). The Rise of China’s Past in the “Belt and Road Initiative” (from Historical Perspectives). In: Islam, M.N. (eds) Silk Road to Belt Road. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2998-2_2
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