Abstract
Silicon is the most important element in the modern semiconductor industry. The shrinkage of the dimensions of nanomaterials is expected to result in new fascinating properties related to size and quantum effects which may lead to exciting applications. Understanding electron and phonon transport in silicon-based nanomaterials is essential for developing advanced electronic and thermoelectric systems. A large volume of research has been directed to experimental syntheses and property characterizations of the various silicon-based nanostructures, including zero-dimensional nanoclusters, one-dimensional nanowires, and two-dimensional nanosheets. Also, intensive efforts have been made to develop computational predictions of the novel thermal properties of pristine silicon-based nanostructures. The authors have conducted original computational work on the phonon thermal transport of silicon-based nanomaterials with small dimensions ranging from zero dimensions to two dimensions which is expected to promote the development of silicon-based nanoscience and nanotechnology.
Keywords
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Pease, R.F., Chou, S.Y.: Lithography and other patterning techniques for future electronics. Proc. IEEE 96(2), 248–270 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2007.911853
Mahajan, R., Chiu, C.P., Chrysler, G.: Cooling a microprocessor chip. Proc. IEEE 94(8), 1476–1486 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2006.879800
Snyder, G.J., Toberer, E.S.: Complex thermoelectric materials. Nat. Mater. 7(2), 105 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2090
Pop, E., Sinha, S., Goodson, K.E.: Heat generation and transport in nanometer-scale transistors. Proc. IEEE 94(8), 1587–1601 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2006.879794
Heremans, J.P., Dresselhaus, M.S., Bell, L.E., Morelli, D.T.: When thermoelectrics reached the nanoscale. Nat. Nanotechnol. 8, 471–473 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2013.129
Esfahani, E.N., Ma, F., Wang, S., Ou, Y., Yang, J., Li, J.: Quantitative nanoscale mapping of three-phase thermal conductivities in filled skutterudites via scanning thermal microscopy. Nat. Sci. Rev. 5(1), 59–69 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwx074
Chen, G., Dresselhaus, M.S., Dresselhaus, G., Fleurial, J.P., Caillat, T.: Recent developments in thermoelectric materials. Int. Mater. Rev. 48(1), 45–66 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1179/095066003225010182
Takabatake, T., Suekuni, K., Nakayama, T., Kaneshita, E.: Phonon-glass electron-crystal thermoelectric clathrates: experiments and theory. Rev. Mod. Phys. 86(2), 669 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.86.669
Beekman, M., Morelli, D.T., Nolas, G.S.: Better thermoelectrics through glass-like crystals. Nat. Mater. 14(12), 1182 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4461
Dresselhaus, M.S., Chen, G., Tang, M.Y., Yang, R.G., Lee, H., Wang, D.Z., Ren, Z.F., Fleurial, J.P., Gogna, P.: New directions for low-dimensional thermoelectric materials. Adv. Mater. 19(8), 1043–1053 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200600527
Bulusu, A., Walker, D.G.: Modeling of thermoelectric properties of semiconductor thin films with quantum and scattering effects. J. Heat Transf. 129(4), 492–499 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2709962
Dresselhaus, M.S., Dresselhaus, G., Sun, X., Zhang, Z., Cronin, S.B., Koga, T.: Low-dimensional thermoelectric materials. Phys. Solid State 41(5), 679–682 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1134/1.1130849
Zhou, Y., Yao, Y., Hu, M.: Boundary scattering effect on the thermal conductivity of nanowires. Semicond. Sci. Tech. 31(7), 074004 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/31/7/074004
Zhou, G., Zhang, G.: General theories and features of interfacial thermal transport. Chin. Phys. B 27(3), 034401 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/27/3/034401
Xu, W., Zhang, G., Li, B.: Interfacial thermal resistance and thermal rectification between suspended and encased single layer graphene. J. Appl. Phys. 116(13), 134303 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4896733
Hochbaum, A.I., Chen, R., Delgado, R.D., Liang, W., Garnett, E.C., Najarian, M., Majumdar, A., Yang, P.: Enhanced thermoelectric performance of rough silicon nanowires. Nature 451(7175), 163 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06381
Boukai, A.I., Bunimovich, Y., Tahir-Kheli, J., Yu, J.K., Goddard III, W.A., Heath, J.R.: Silicon nanowires as efficient thermoelectric materials. Nature 451(7175), 168 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06458
Li, H.P.: Molecular dynamics simulations of phonon thermal transport in low-dimensional silicon structures. Doctoral dissertation, City University of Hong Kong (2012)
Li, N., Ren, J., Wang, L., Zhang, G., Hänggi, P., Li, B.: Phononics: manipulating heat flow with electronic analogs and beyond. Rev. Mod. Phys. 84(3), 1045 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.84.1045
Xu, X., Zhou, J., Yang, N., Li, N., Li, Y., Li, B.: Artificial microstructure materials and heat flux manipulation. Sci. Sinica Technol. 45(7), 705 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1360/N092015-00122
Teo, B.K., Sun, X.H.: Silicon-based low-dimensional nanomaterials and nanodevices. Chem. Rev. 107(5), 1454–1532 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1021/cr030187n
Okamoto, H., Sugiyama, Y., Nakano, H.: Synthesis and modification of silicon nanosheets and other silicon nanomaterials. Chemistry 17(36), 9864–9887 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.201100641
Bley, R.A., Kauzlarich, S.M.: A low-temperature solution phase route for the synthesis of silicon nanoclusters. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118(49), 12461–12462 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja962787s
Van Buuren, T., Dinh, L.N., Chase, L.L., Siekhaus, W.J., Terminello, L.J.: Changes in the electronic properties of Si nanocrystals as a function of particle size. Phys. Rev. Lett. 80(17), 3803 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.3803
De Crescenzi, M., Castrucci, P., Scarselli, M., Diociaiuti, M., Chaudhari, P.S., Balasubramanian, C., Bhave, T.M., Bhoraskar, S.V.: Experimental imaging of silicon nanotubes. Appl. Phys. Lett. 86(23), 231901 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1943497
Perepichka, D.F., Rosei, F.: Silicon nanotubes. Small 2(1), 22–25 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.200500276
Zhang, R.Q., Lifshitz, Y., Lee, S.T.: Oxide-assisted growth of semiconducting nanowires. Adv. Mater. 15(7–8), 635–640 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200301641
Morales, A.M., Lieber, C.M.: A laser ablation method for the synthesis of crystalline semiconductor nanowires. Science 279(5348), 208–211 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.279.5348.208
Okamoto, H., Kumai, Y., Sugiyama, Y., Mitsuoka, T., Nakanishi, K., Ohta, T., Nozaki, H., Yamaguchi, S., Shirai, S., Nakano, H.: Silicon nanosheets and their self-assembled regular stacking structure. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132(8), 2710–2718 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1021/ja908827z
Aufray, B., Kara, A., Vizzini, S., Oughaddou, H., Leandri, C., Ealet, B., Le Lay, G.: Graphene-like silicon nanoribbons on Ag (110): a possible formation of silicene. Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(18), 183102 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3419932
Zhang, C., De Sarkar, A., Zhang, R.Q.: Strain induced band dispersion engineering in Si nanosheets. J. Phys. Chem. C 115(48), 23682–23687 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1021/jp206911b
Li, D., Wu, Y., Kim, P., Shi, L., Yang, P., Majumdar, A.: Thermal conductivity of individual silicon nanowires. Appl. Phys. Lett. 83(14), 2934–2936 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1616981
Sarikurt, S., Ozden, A., Kandemir, A., Sevik, C., Kinaci, A., Haskins, J.B., Cagin, T.: Tailoring thermal conductivity of silicon/germanium nanowires utilizing core-shell architecture. J. Appl. Phys. 119(15), 155101 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4946835
Markussen, T., Jauho, A.P., Brandbyge, M.: Surface-decorated silicon nanowires: a route to high-ZT thermoelectrics. Phys. Rev. Lett. 103(5), 055502 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.103.055502
Li, D., Wu, Y., Fan, R., Yang, P., Majumdar, A.: Thermal conductivity of Si/SiGe superlattice nanowires. Appl. Phys. Lett. 83(15), 3186–3188 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1619221
Mu, X., Wang, L., Yang, X., Zhang, P., To, A.C., Luo, T.: Ultra-low thermal conductivity in Si/Ge hierarchical superlattice nanowire. Sci. Rep. 5, 16697 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep16697
Chen, G.: Particularities of heat conduction in nanostructures. J. Nanopart. Res. 2(2), 199–204 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010003718481
Ju, Y.S., Goodson, K.E.: Phonon scattering in silicon films with thickness of order 100 nm. Appl. Phys. Lett. 74(20), 3005–3007 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.123994
Wang, Z., Li, Z.: Lattice dynamics analysis of thermal conductivity in silicon nanoscale film. Appl. Therm. Eng. 26(17–18), 2063–2066 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2006.04.020
Terris, D., Joulain, K., Lemonnier, D., Lacroix, D., Chantrenne, P.: Prediction of the thermal conductivity anisotropy of Si nanofilms. Results of several numerical methods. Int. J. Therm. Sci. 48(8), 1467–1476 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2009.01.005
Liu, W., Asheghi, M.: Phonon-boundary scattering in ultrathin single-crystal silicon layers. Appl. Phys. Lett. 84(19), 3819–3821 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1741039
Liu, W., Asheghi, M.: Thermal conductivity measurements of ultra-thin single crystal silicon layers. J. Heat Transfer 128(1), 75–83 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2130403
Wang, Z., Feng, T., Ruan, X.: Thermal conductivity and spectral phonon properties of freestanding and supported silicene. J. Appl. Phys. 117(8), 084317 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4913600
Zhang, X., Bao, H., Hu, M.: Bilateral substrate effect on the thermal conductivity of two-dimensional silicon. Nanoscale 7(14), 6014–6022 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/C4NR06523A
Wang, X., Hong, Y., Chan, P.K., Zhang, J.: Phonon thermal transport in silicene-germanene superlattice: a molecular dynamics study. Nanotechnology 28(25), 255403 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/aa71fa
Liu, Z., Wu, X., Luo, T.: The impact of hydrogenation on the thermal transport of silicene. 2D Mater. 4, 025002 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/aa533e
Liu, B., Reddy, C.D., Jiang, J., Zhu, H., Baimova, J.A., Dmitriev, S.V., Zhou, K.: Thermal conductivity of silicene nanosheets and the effect of isotopic doping. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 47(16), 165301 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/47/16/165301
Li, H.P., Zhang, R.Q.: Vacancy-defect-induced diminution of thermal conductivity in silicene. EPL 99(3), 36001 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/99/36001
Sadeghi, H., Sangtarash, S., Lambert, C.J.: Enhanced thermoelectric efficiency of porous silicene nanoribbons. Sci. Rep. 5, 9514 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep09514
Zhao, W., Guo, Z.X., Zhang, Y., Ding, J.W., Zheng, X.J.: Enhanced thermoelectric performance of defected silicene nanoribbons. Solid State Commun. 227, 1–8 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssc.2015.11.012
Wirth, L.J., Osborn, T.H., Farajian, A.A.: Resilience of thermal conductance in defected graphene, silicene, and boron nitride nanoribbons. Appl. Phys. Lett. 109(17), 173102 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4965294
Fang, K.C., Weng, C.I., Ju, S.P.: An investigation into the structural features and thermal conductivity of silicon nanoparticles using molecular dynamics simulations. Nanotechnology 17(15), 3909 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/17/15/049
Ashby, S.P., Thomas, J.A., García-Cañadas, J., Min, G., Corps, J., Powell, A.V., Xu, H., Shen, W., Chao, Y.: Bridging silicon nanoparticles and thermoelectrics: phenylacetylene functionalization. Faraday Discuss. 176, 349–361 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/C4FD00109E
Huang, X., Huai, X., Liang, S., Wang, X.: Thermal transport in Si/Ge nanocomposites. J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 42(9), 095416 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/42/9/095416
Davis, B.L., Hussein, M.I.: Nanophononic metamaterial: thermal conductivity reduction by local resonance. Phys. Rev. Lett. 112(5), 055505 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.055505
Hopkins, P.E., Reinke, C.M., Su, M.F., Olsson III, R.H., Shaner, E.A., Leseman, Z.C., Serrano, J.R., Phinney, L.M., El-Kady, I.: Reduction in the thermal conductivity of single crystalline silicon by phononic crystal patterning. Nano Lett. 11(1), 107–112 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1021/nl102918q
Zhang, R.Q.: Growth Mechanisms and Novel Properties of Silicon Nanostructures from Quantum-Mechanical Calculations. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40905-9
Li, H.P., De Sarkar, A., Zhang, R.Q.: Surface-nitrogenation-induced thermal conductivity attenuation in silicon nanowires. EPL 96(5), 56007 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/96/56007
Li, H.P., Zhang, R.Q.: Size-dependent structural characteristics and phonon thermal transport in silicon nanoclusters. AIP Adv. 3(8), 082114 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4818591
Li, H.P., Zhang, R.Q.: Anomalous effect of hydrogenation on phonon thermal conductivity in thin silicon nanowires. EPL 105(5), 56003 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/105/56003
Xu, R.F., Han, K., Li, H.P.: Effect of isotope doping on phonon thermal conductivity of silicene nanoribbons: a molecular dynamics study. Chin. Phys. B 27(2), 026801 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/27/2/026801
Li, H.P., Zhang, R.Q.: Surface effects on the thermal conductivity of silicon nanowires. Chin. Phys. B 27(3), 036801 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/27/3/036801
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Li, HP., Zhang, RQ. (2018). Introduction. In: Phonon Thermal Transport in Silicon-Based Nanomaterials. SpringerBriefs in Physics. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2637-0_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2637-0_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-2636-3
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-2637-0
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)