Respiratory Physiology

Abstract

The respiratory system is crucial for delivering oxygen from the atmosphere to the cells where it is needed. In this chapter, the key factors underpinning this process are discussed.

Initially the chapter looks at the measurement of lung volumes, highlighting the importance of functional residual volume.

Next, we look at how oxygen moves from alveolus into the blood stream, introducing the concept of Fick’s law of diffusion. This highlights how the structure and function of the respiratory system are so intricately linked.

The respiratory system under stress is then assessed; the five most common causes of hypoxia are explained in detail.

In order to move air from the atmosphere into the lung, the mechanics of the lung and chest wall must alter throughout the ventilatory cycle. A summary of these changes as well as the overarching control concludes the chapter.

Once again, understanding is tested by the short answer questions at the beginning of each section.