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Contemporary Bali pp 27–59Cite as

Palgrave Macmillan

The Politics of Development in Bali

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Abstract

Bali is a changing world. In contrast to the romantic imaginary as a peace and harmony-loving society, throughout the history, Bali has been shaped by conflicts and contestations over space, people, and resources. In this chapter, I trace the politics of development in Bali since the colonial period, and especially under the forces of globalisation facilitated by the tourism industry. This chapter describes the complex relationships between local institutions in Bali, including the adat village, administrative village, traditional irrigation association (subak), and wider governmental structures. It shows how contestations over the governance of space in contemporary Bali have been the product of the complex interface between the political economy of tourism, the persistence of rent-seeking embedded in post-New Order democratic and decentralised institutions, and the continued importance of locally grounded customary institutions.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    There was also the earlier controversy along the same lines in the Bali Post’s ‘Giliran Anda’ column entitled ‘ Bali : Keranjang Sampah’, Bali Post, 1–18 December 2004. Unlike the Wijaya’s narrow scapegoating, among these comments, there is also considerable introspection evident, attributing blame to investors, politicians, and ordinary Balinese as well.

  2. 2.

    Vickers (2012, 236) writes: “Stories of killings tell of magical battles going on as the Left exterminated. One youth who took part in the execution of a PKI pedanda (brahmana high priest) described to an Australian tourist how his sword failed to cut into the priest’s flesh, until another pedanda could be brought in to sprinkle holy water and break his power, enabling the PNI killers to decapitate the first priest and hack him to pieces.”

  3. 3.

    As Roosa (2006) and Robinson (1995) have shown, the role of military forces, and even foreign governments, especially the US and the UK, has been decisive in this humanitarian tragedy.

  4. 4.

    See, for examples of Dutch scholarship on religious and cultural dimensions of local governance, essays by Liefrinck (1969[1886–1887]), Korn (1984 [1926]), and Friedrich (1959 [1849–1850]).

  5. 5.

    Interview with Nyoman Partha, a DPRD member, on 13 October 2013.

  6. 6.

    The divided stance within the district level was especially between Majelis Madya Desa Pakraman (Adat Village Assembly at the district level), district government officials, and Forum Kepala Desa/Perbekel (the forum for administrative village chiefs).

  7. 7.

    More recently, the BNR has been taken over by Hari Tanoesoedibjo, a national tycoon, who collaborates with Trump Hotel owned by Donald Trump, the US President (Tempo, 23/01/2017).

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Wardana, A. (2019). The Politics of Development in Bali. In: Contemporary Bali. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2478-9_2

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