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Biotechnological Strategies for Effective Remediation of Polluted Soils pp 101–128Cite as

Soil Remediation Through Microbes

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Abstract

The use of microbes including bacteria and fungi for treatment of polluted soils is also a method of soil remediation. Microbes are adapted to survive under various unfavorable conditions, such as high temperature, alkalinity, and acidity, and can easily develop biological resistance against the toxic substances because of their jumping genes. Under favorable conditions of growth and adequate supply of the nutrients, the microbes can biotransform or biodegrade complex organic materials into harmless or less toxic smaller molecules. With the addition of micronutrients into the microbial consortia the degradation rate of pollutants can be enhanced as the added nutrients stimulate soil microbes which eventually expedite the rate of biodegradation. Mycoremediation is fungal-mediated bioremediation of polluted soils containing organic and inorganic pollutants. Fungal mycelia can spread similarly as that of plant roots and accumulate heavy metals in their cytosol. Environmentalists regard microorganisms as ‘eco-friendly nano-factories’ for treating the polluted soils. However, natural pollutants can be degraded by the naturally occurring microbes while for degradation of manmade chemicals or pollutants, genetically transformed microbes should be developed for efficient soil remediation. Microbe-mediated remediation can take place via three methods i.e. bioventing, bioleaching, bioaugmentation. In the last few years, several reports covering the success stories of microbe-mediated soil remediation have come up.

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Koul, B., Taak, P. (2018). Soil Remediation Through Microbes. In: Biotechnological Strategies for Effective Remediation of Polluted Soils. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2420-8_6

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