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Heavy Metal Toxicity and Antioxidative Response in Plants: An Overview

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Plants Under Metal and Metalloid Stress

Abstract

Environmental pollution caused by heavy metals has received worldwide attention. The intractable and pertinacious nature of heavy metals leads to severe threat to environment, and affects the life of both plants and animals, causing serious diseases in humans. Heavy metal toxicity in plants cause imbalances in the redox metabolism that leads to oxidative damage which is characterized by enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). To minimize the deleterious consequences of ROS, plants in general have developed biological detoxification and defense mechanisms that protect the cellular components from being oxidized. Antioxidative defense activity of plants is composed of enzymatic scavengers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) and non-enzymatic components like ascorbic acid (AA), α-tocopherol, carotenoids, flavonoids and proline that plays the most crucial and effective role in detoxifying ROS and the changes in their activity is often used to predict metal tolerance. In this chapter, the current state of knowledge about the role of ROS, defense mechanisms and adaptation strategies of plants with special reference to antioxidative defense system to alleviate heavy metal toxicity is discussed. Recent researches have thrown ample lights on how enzymatic and non-enzymatic machinery of plants can protect, regulate and integrate cell responses to heavy metal stress.

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Acknowledgements

Financial support from University Grants Commission [UGC-MRP – F. No. 43-100/2014(SR)] is gratefully acknowledged. We gratefully acknowledge the University Grants Commission for providing financial support by sanctioning the Post Doctoral Fellowship (F./PDFSS-2014-15-SC-UTT-8854) to Mayank Varun.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, St. John’s College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Shumailah Ishtiyaq, Harsh Kumar, Mayank Varun & Manoj S. Paul

  2. ICAR - Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, Haryana, India

    Bhumesh Kumar

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  1. Shumailah Ishtiyaq
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  1. Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Mirza Hasanuzzaman

  2. Department of Agricultural Botany, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Kamrun Nahar

  3. Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki, Kagawa, Japan

    Masayuki Fujita

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Ishtiyaq, S., Kumar, H., Varun, M., Kumar, B., Paul, M.S. (2018). Heavy Metal Toxicity and Antioxidative Response in Plants: An Overview. In: Hasanuzzaman, M., Nahar, K., Fujita, M. (eds) Plants Under Metal and Metalloid Stress. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2242-6_3

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