Abstract
It has been reported that low BMI is associated with lower CSF pressure, which then translates into higher translaminar cribrosa pressure gradient, which is a risk factor for glaucoma. Previously, in our epidemiologic studies, we have reported that low BMI was a possible risk factor for POAG. To better understand this association and because POAG is a heterogeneous condition, we previously evaluated the relation between BMI and POAG subtypes based on pattern of visual field loss. We observed that low BMI is more strongly associated with primary open-angle glaucoma where the loss of vision tends to focus on the paracentral region rather than the peripheral vision. Every 10-unit increase in BMI was associated with a 33% lower risk of primary open-angle glaucoma with early paracentral loss, whereas it was not associated with peripheral loss [1, 2]. So we have hypothesized that the paracentral fibers, particularly the inferior, are in the “macular vulnerability zone,” as the fovea lies below the disc, and accompanying blood vessels make more acute arcuate turns, creating shear forces that could compromise local blood flow.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Marek B, Harris A, Kanakamedala P, Lee E, Amireskandari A, Carichino L, Guidoboni G, Tobe LA, Siesky B. Cerebrospinal fluid pressure and glaucoma: regulation of trans-lamina cribrosa pressure. Br J Ophthalmol. 2014;98(6):721–5. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2013-303884.. Epub 2013 Dec 4
Kang JH, Loomis SJ, Rosner BA, Wiggs JL, Pasquale LR. Comparison of risk factor profiles for primary open angle glaucoma subtypes defined by pattern of visual field loss: a prospective study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015a;56(4):2439–48.
Kang JW, Park B, Cho BJ. Comparison of risk factors for initial central scotoma versus initial peripheral scotoma in normal-tension glaucoma. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2015b;29(2):102–8.
Park SC, De Moraes CG, Teng CC, Tello C, Liebmann JM, Ritch R. Initial parafoveal versus peripheral scotomas in glaucoma: risk factors and visual field characteristics. Ophthalmology. 2011;118(9):1782–9.
Hood DC, Raza AS, de Moraes CG, Liebmann JM, Ritch R. Glaucomatous damage of the macula. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2013;32:1–21.
Polak K, Luksch A, Berisha F, Fuchsjaeger-Mayrl G, Dallinger S, Schmetterer L. Altered nitric oxide system in patients with openangle glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol. 2007;125(4):494–8.
Dengel DR, Brown MD, Ferrell RE, Reynolds TH, Supiano MA. A preliminary study on T-786C endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene and renal hemodynamic and blood pressure responses to dietary sodium. Physiol Res. 2007;56(4):393–401.
Emam WA, Zidan HE, Abdulhalim BE, Dabour SA, Ghali MA, Kamal AT. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase polymorphisms and susceptibility to high-tension primary open-angle glaucoma in an Egyptian cohort. Mol Vis. 2014;20:804–11.
Cosby K, Partovi KS, Crawford JH, et al. Nitrite reduction to nitric oxide by deoxyhemoglobin vasodilates the human circulation. Nat Med. 2003;9(12):1498–505.
Lundberg JO, Gladwin MT, Ahluwalia A, et al. Nitrate and nitrite in biology, nutrition and therapeutics. Nat Chem Biol. 2009;5(12):865–9.
Santamaria P. Nitrate in vegetables: toxicity, content, intake and EC regulation. J Sci Food Agric. 2006;86:10–7.
Kang JH, Willett WC, Rosner BA, Buys E, Wiggs JL, Pasquale LR. Association of dietary nitrate intake with primary open-angle glaucoma: a prospective analysis from the nurses’ health study and health professionals follow-up study. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2016;134(3):294–303.
Coleman AL, Stone KL, Kodjebacheva G, Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group, et al. Glaucoma risk and the consumption of fruits and vegetables among older women in the study of osteoporotic fractures. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008;145(6):1081–9.
Giaconi JA, Yu F, Stone KL, Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group, et al. The association of consumption of fruits/vegetables with decreased risk of glaucoma among older African-American women in the study of osteoporotic fractures. Am J Ophthalmol. 2012;154(4):635–44.
Kaur C, Foulds WS, Ling EA. Hypoxia-ischemia and retinal ganglion cell damage. Clin Ophthalmol. 2008;2(4):879–89.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kang, J.H. (2019). Dietary Nitrate Intake and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. In: Wang, N. (eds) Intraocular and Intracranial Pressure Gradient in Glaucoma. Advances in Visual Science and Eye Diseases, vol 1. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2137-5_40
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2137-5_40
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-2136-8
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-2137-5
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)