Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Intraocular and Intracranial Pressure Gradient in Glaucoma pp 69–72Cite as

Pressure and Velocity: An Inseparable Couple

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

  • 468 Accesses

Part of the book series: Advances in Visual Science and Eye Diseases ((AVSED,volume 1))

Abstract

Pressure is probably the most frequent association with glaucoma. The effect of pressure—intraocular pressure (IOP)—however became under question when larger studies in patients with glaucomatous disc excavation and glaucomatous visual defects demonstrated that this clinical manifestations can also be present in patients with “normal” IOP. This is true for at least 30% of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma in the western hemisphere and for up to 90% of open-angle glaucoma patients in the Far East [1, 2]. Such observations stimulated the research for alternative mechanisms that could help to explain glaucomatous damage to the optic nerve. One direction of research focused on vascular dysregulation [3]. The current research topics are the concept of the translaminar pressure gradient defined as intraocular pressure (IOP)—intracranial pressure (ICP) [4–7]. The intraorbital optic nerve is located within the subarachnoid space (SAS) of the optic nerve (ON) and therefore completely surrounded with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The SAS itself is confined by the meninges (dura, arachnoid on one side, and the pia mater on the other side) (Fig. 11.1).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Iwase A, Suzuki Y, Araie M. The prevalence of primary open-angle glaucoma in Japanese: The Tajimi study. Ophthalmology. 2004;111:1641–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Mi XS, Yuan TF, So KF. The current research status of normal tension glaucoma. Clin Interv Aging. 2014;9:1563–71.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Flammer J, Orgul S, Costa VP. The impact of ocular blood flow in glaucoma. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2002;21(4):359–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Morgan WH, Yu DY, Cooper RL. The influence of cerebrospinal fluid pressure on the lamina cribrosa tissue pressure gradient. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1995;36:1163–72.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Jonas JB, Berenshtein E, Holbach L. Anatomic relationship between lamina cribrosa, intraocular space, and cerebrospinal fluid space. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2003;44:5189–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Jonas JB, Wang N, Yang D. Facts and myths of cerebrospinal fluid pressure for the physiology of the eye. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2015;46:67–83.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Jonas JB, Wang N, Yang D. Translamina cribrosa pressure difference as potential element in the pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol. 2016;5:5–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Watanabe A, Kinouchi H, Horikoshi T. Effect of intracranial pressure on the diameter of the optic nerve sheath. J Neurosurg. 2008;109:255–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Siaudvytyte L, Januleviciene I, Ragauskas A, Bartusis L, Meiliuniene I, Siesky B, Harris A. The difference in translaminar pressure gradient and neuroretinal rim area in glaucoma and healthy subjects. J Ophthalmol. 2014, 2014:5. Article ID 937360

    Google Scholar 

  10. Killer HE, Hubert R, Laeng RH, Flammer J, Groscurth P. The arachnoid trabeculae and septae in the subarachnoid space of the human optic nerve: anatomy and clinical considerations. Br J Ophthalmol. 2003;87:777–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Killer HE, et al. The optic nerve: a new window into cerebrospinal fluid composition. Brain. 2006;129:1027–30.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Serot JM, Zmudka J, Jouanny P. A possible role for CSF turnover and choroid plexus in the pathogenesis of late onset Alzheimer’s disease. J Alzheimers Dis. 2012;30:17–26.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Silverberg GD, Mayo M, Saul T. Alzheimer’s disease, normal-pressure hydrocephalus, and senescent changes in CSF circulatory physiology: a hypothesis. Lancet Neurol. 2003;2:506–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Wostyn P, De Groot V, Van Dam D. The glymphatic system: a new player in ocular diseases? Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2016;57:5426–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Maesaka JK, Sodam B, Palaia T, Ragolia L. Prostaglandin D2 synthase: apoptotic factor in Alzheimer plasma, inducer of reactive oxygen species, inflammatory cytokines and dialysis dementia. J Nephropathol. 2013;2:166–80.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Killer HE, Laeng RH, Groscurth P. Lymphatic capillaries in the meninges of the human optic nerve. J Neuroophthalmol. 1999;19:222–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Fan B, Bordigari G, Flammer J. Meningothelial cells participate in immunological processes in the cerebrospinal fluid. J Neuroimmunol. 2012;244:45–50.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Wang N, Xie X, Yang D. Evaluation of optic nerve and optic nerve sheath diameter in primary open angle glaucoma with 3-tesla magnetic resonance imaging. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52:3963.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Jaggi GP, Miller NR, Flammer J, Weinreb R. Optic nerve sheath diameter in normal –tension glaucoma patients. J Ophthalmol. 2012;96:53–6.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Pircher A, Montali M, Berberat J. The optic canal: a bottleneck for cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in normal-tension glaucoma? Front Neurol. 2017;8:47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Wostyn P, De Groot V, Van Dam D. The two faces of the translaminar pressure difference: the biomechanical one and the biochemical one. Clin Exp Optom. 2017;100:102–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Ophthalmology Kantonsspital Aarau, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland

    H. E. Killer

Authors
  1. H. E. Killer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to H. E. Killer .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China

    Ningli Wang

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Killer, H.E. (2019). Pressure and Velocity: An Inseparable Couple. In: Wang, N. (eds) Intraocular and Intracranial Pressure Gradient in Glaucoma. Advances in Visual Science and Eye Diseases, vol 1. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2137-5_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2137-5_11

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-13-2136-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-13-2137-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation