Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Forest Landscape Characterization for Biodiversity Conservation Planning and Management Gaps in Northwestern Himalaya Using Geospatial Technology

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Remote Sensing of Northwest Himalayan Ecosystems

Abstract

Himalaya is one of the four biodiversity hotspots in India with high level of endemism. The Himalayan arc, commonly referred to as ‘Water Tower’, spreads from east of Afghanistan (Hindu Kush Region) to west of Myanmar through Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Tibet and China and is broadly divided into Hindu Kush, Western, Central and Eastern regions representing nine of ten world’s highest and youngest mountains. The sudden rise in height and its terrain complexity make Himalaya environmentally, climatically, ecologically, physically, physiographically as well as biologically unique fostering myriads of life forms, niches and habitats with host of microclimatic conditions across 2500 km and up to 400 km in length and breadth, respectively. The Himalaya supports a great variety of forest ecosystems and other life forms, which vary ecologically, phytosociologically, architecturally, physiognomically, functionally, etc. from east to west and from low to high elevations. For millions of years, these forests have traditionally played a vital role in conserving the environment and have provided the much-needed long-term ecological security to the Indian subcontinent. The forest ecosystems are highly significant to protect wildlife, soil development, erosion and conservation to sustain the livelihood of mankind, to stabilize climate, to optimize water yield and to purify water (Singh and Singh 1992). Northwestern Himalaya (NW Himalaya) is the western part of the Himalayan arc. It is the farthest from sea and latitudinally much higher than the rest of the Himalaya spreading NW to SE directions and has very diverse phytoclimatic patterns quite dissimilar to the areas lying eastwards. Being a part of the youngest mountain ranges of the world, these are very fragile ecosystems due to physiographic, edaphic and climatic conditions. Shivalik ranges, frontal Himalaya, the youngest hill range in the world, are one of the biodiversity micro-endemic centres in India. Present communication also includes frontal Himalaya (Shivalik ranges) and Trans-Himalayan regions, ecosystems, biodiversity and their conservation issues.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Agnihotri P, Husain T, Shirke PA, Sidhu, OP, Singh H, Dixit V, Khuroo AA, Amla DV, Nautiyal CS (2017) Climate change-driven shifts in elevation and eco-physiological traits of Himalayan plants during the past century. Current science 112(3): 595–601

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ahmad K, Sathyakumar S, Qureshi Q (2009) Conservation status of the last surviving wild population of hangul or Kashmir Deer Cervus elaphus in Kashmir. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society 016(3): 245–255

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous (1991) Useful Plants of India. Publication & Information Directorate, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Arisdason W, Lakshminarasimhan P (2016) Status of Plant Diversity in India: An Overview. Status of Plant Diversity in India. Botanical Survey of India, Howrah. 1–9. http://www.bsienvis.nic.in/Database/Status_of_Plant_Diversity_in_India_17566.aspx) accessed on 23 September 2017)

  • Arora RK (1994) The Indian Gene Centre: Diversity in Crop Plants and their Wild relatives: In: Rana RS, Saxena RK, Tyagi RK, Saxena S, Mitter V (eds) Ex-situ Conservation of Plant Genetic Resources. National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources New Delhi :29–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arora RK, Nayar R (1991) Wild relatives of crop plant in India. NBPGR Sci. Monograph 7: 90

    Google Scholar 

  • Aswal BS, Mehrotra BN (1999) Flora of Lahaul-Spiti : A cold desert in North West Himalaya. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun pp i–iii, 1–761.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blaise HD, Dawa S (eds) (2004) Biodiversity of Ladakh: Strategy and Action Plan. Sampark and Ladakh Ecological Development Group pp 243

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandis D (1874) Forest Flora of North-West and Central India. A Handbook of the indigenous Trees and Shrubs of these countries. Reprint Edition Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun pp. 608

    Google Scholar 

  • Burkill IH (1965) Chapters on the History of Botany in India, Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata

    Google Scholar 

  • Census (2011) Census of India. http://www.census2011.co.in/census/state/uttarakhand.html). Accessed 23 Sept 2017

  • Champion HG, Seth SK (1968) A revised survey of the Forest Types of India. Government of India. Reprint Edition Natraj Publishers. Dehradun pp. i–xxvii, 1–404

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandrashekhar MB, Singh S, Roy PS (2003) Geospatial modeling techniques for rapid assessment of Phytodiversity at landscape level in Western Himalayas, Himachal Pradesh. Current Science 84(5): 663–670

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandrashkekhar MB, Singh S, Das NK, Roy PS (2004) Wildlife-Human conflict analysis in Kalatop Khajjiar Wildlife Sanctuary (H.P.): A geospatial approach. In Proceedings on Protected Habitats and biodiversity. Nature Conservators 8: 471–485. figs 7

    Google Scholar 

  • Chaudhary P, Bawa KS (2011) Local perceptions of climate change validated by scientific evidence in the Himalayas. Biological Letters 7: 767–770

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chowdhary HJ (1999) Himachal Pradesh. In: Mudgal V, Hajra PK (eds). Floristic Diversity and Conservation Strategies in India, Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata vol. II: 845–903

    Google Scholar 

  • CSIR-IHBT (2017) Patents: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology. http://www.ihbt.res.in/en/about-us/patents Accessed 19 Sept 2017

  • Dabla BA (2014) Migration Trends and Population Changes in Jammu and Kashmir. Kalpaz Publications. pp. 254

  • Dar JA, Sundarapandian S (2016) Patterns of plant diversity in seven temperate forest types of Western Himalaya, India. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity 9: 280–292

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duthie JF (1905) Flora of Upper Gangetic Plain and the Adjacent Siwalk and Sub-Himalayan Tracts. Vol. I–II. pp. 500

    Google Scholar 

  • Dyer WTD (1872) Dipterocarpaceae. In: Hooker, J.D. (ed) Flora of British India. Reprint Edition Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun and Periodical Experts, Delhi. vol III: pp 740

    Google Scholar 

  • ENVIS (2017) ENVIS Centre on Wildlife & Protected Areas. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. http://www.wiienvis.nic.in/Database/eri_8226.aspx Accessed 22 Sept 2017

  • Forman TTR, Godron M (1986) Landscape Ecology. Wiley and Sons, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • FSI (2003) State of Forest Report. Forest Survey of India, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Dehradun

    Google Scholar 

  • Hooker JD (ed.) (1872–1897) Flora of British India. Reprint Edition Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun and Periodical Experts, Delhi. Vol. I–VII

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunter Jr MJ (1995) Fundamental of Conservation Biology, Blackwell Science, NC USA

    Google Scholar 

  • India-WRIS WebGIS (2014–15) Hydro Electric Projects in Himachal Pradesh. Water Resource Information System of India http://india-wris.nrsc.gov.in/wrpinfo/index.php?title=Hydro_Electric_Projects_in_Himachal_Pradesh Accessed 24 Sept 2017

  • IPCC (2007) Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Climate Change 2007: The physical science basis Contribution of working group I to the fourth assessment report of the IPCC Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaryan V, Uniyal SK, Gopichand, Singh RD, Lal B, Kumar A, Sharma V (2010) Role of traditional conservation practice: highlighting the importance of Shivbari sacred grove in biodiversity conservation. Environmentalist 30:101–110

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jhala YV, Qureshi Q, Gopal R, Sinha, PR (2011) Status of Tigers, Co-predators, and Prey in India, 2010. National Tiger Conservation Authority, Government of India, New Delhi and Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun

    Google Scholar 

  • Joshi NK, Tiwari SC (1990) Variation in woody species composition along an altitudinal gradient in a mountain flank of Garhwal Himalaya. Indian Journal of Forestry 13(4): 322–328

    Google Scholar 

  • Joshi PK, Singh S, Agarwal S, Roy PS (2001a) Forest Cover Assessment in Western Himalayas, Himachal Pradesh using IRS 1C/1D WiFS data. Current Science 80(25): 941–947 figs. 4

    Google Scholar 

  • Joshi PK, Singh S, Agarwal S, Roy PS (2001b) Land Cover Assessment in Jammu & Kashmir using Phenology as discriminant – a approach of wide swath satellite (IRS-WiFS). Current Science 81(4): 392–399 figs. 4

    Google Scholar 

  • Joshi PK, Yadav D, Singh S, Agarwal S, Roy PS (2002) Biome level characterization (BLC) of Western India a geospatial approach. Tropical Ecology 43(1): 213–228, f.1–3

    Google Scholar 

  • Joshi PK, Roy PS, Singh S, Agrawal S, Yadav D (2006) Vegetation cover mapping in India using multi-temporal IRS Wide Field Sensor (WiFS) data. Remote Sensing of Environment 103(2): 190–202

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kachroo P (1954) Distribution of the Rebouliaceae in India. The Bryologist 56: 159–166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kala CP (2010) Medicinal plants of the high altitude cold desert in India: Diversity, distribution and traditional uses. International Journal of Biodiversity Science & Management 2(1): 43–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kapur SK, Sarin YK (1990) Flora of Trikuta Hills, Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehradun

    Google Scholar 

  • Karthikeyan S (2000) A statistical analysis of Flowering plants of India. In: Singh NP, Singh DK, Hajra PK, Sharma BD (eds). Flora of India. Introductory volume Part II: 2001–217. New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S (1999) Haryana. In: Mudgal V, Hajra PK (eds). Floristic Diversity and Conservation Strategies in India, Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata vol. II: 807–844

    Google Scholar 

  • Mamgain RP, Reddy DN (2015) Outmigration from Hill Region of Uttarakhand: Magnitude, Challenges and Policy Options, pp. 27. http://www.nird.org.in/nird_docs/srsc/srscrr261016-3.pdf Accessed 24 Sept 2017

  • Mathur V, Gopal R, Yadav S, Sinha P (2011) Management Effectiveness evaluation (MEE) of Tiger Reserves in India: Process and Outcomes. National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA), Government of India

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathur VB, Sivakumar K, Onial M, Pande A, Singh Y, Kaur BJ, Ramesh C, Rosalind L, Bhattacharya I (2014a) In: Pande HK, Arora S (eds). India’s Fifth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India, New Delhi pp. i–xxvi, 1–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathur VB, Sivakumar K, Onial M, Ramesh C, Singh Y, Kaur BJ, Pande A (2014b). In: Pande HK, Arora S (eds). National Biodiversity Action Plan. Addendum 2014. Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India, New Delhi pp. 1–75

    Google Scholar 

  • Murty SK (2001) Flora of cold deserts of Western Himalaya. Botanical Survey of India Calcutta

    Google Scholar 

  • NBA (2004) The Biological Diversity Act, 2002 and Biological Diversity Rules, 2004. National Biodiversity Authority of India, Chennai pp 1–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Nayar MP (1996) Hotspots of Endemic Plants of India, Nepal and Bhutan. Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram

    Google Scholar 

  • Pangti YPS, Joshi SC (eds) (1987) Western Himalaya. Gyanodaya Prakashan Nainital UP

    Google Scholar 

  • Panwar P, Pal S, Tiwari AK (2016) Impact of Lantana camara Linn. Invasion on plant diversity, vegetation composition and soil properties in degraded soils of lower Himalayan Region, India. Indian Journal of Soil Conservation 44(2): 1770184

    Google Scholar 

  • Parikh, K.S., Ravindranath, N.H., Murthy, I.K., Mehra, S., Kumar, S., James, E.J., Vivekanandan, E., and Mukhopadhyay, P. (2012). The economics of ecosystem and biodiversity-India: Initial assessment and scoping report, working document, TEEB-India

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramakrishnan, P.S. (1998) Conserving the sacred for biodiversity: the conceptual framework. In: Ramakrishnan PS, Saxena KG, Chandrashekara UM (eds) Conserving the sacred for biodiversity management. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Rawat GS (2008) Special habitats and threatened plants of India. Wildlife and Protected Areas. In: Rawat GS (ed). Wildlife Institute of India. Envis Bulletin 11(1): 1–7

    Google Scholar 

  • Rodgers WA, Panwar HS (1988) Planning a Wildlife Protected Area network in India vol. 1 and 2. Wildlife Institute of India, Department of Environment and Forests, Dehradun

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy PS, Singh S, Hegde VS (2000) Biodiversity Characterization at Landscape level using satellite Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System. In: Roy PS, Singh S, Toxopeus AG (eds) Proceedings of Biodiversity & Environment. Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System Perspectives. Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, NRSSA, Dehradun. 18–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy PS, Dutt CBS, Kant S, Gharai B, Pujar GS, Sharma N, Jhangir M (2002a) Biodiversity Characterization at Landscape level in Western Himalayas India using satellite Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System: Jammu & Kashmir. Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, National Remote Sensing Agency, Department of Space, Government of India, Dehradun. Pp. i–xxi, 1–234

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy PS, Singh S, Chandrashekhar MB, Singh DK, Uniyal BP, Singh S, Hajra PK (2002b) Biodiversity Characterization at Landscape level in Western Himalayas India using satellite Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System: Himachal Pradesh. Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, National Remote Sensing Agency, Department of Space, Government of India, Dehradun. Pp. i–xxi, 1–234

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy PS, Tiwari AK, Kumar S, Sharma N, Ghosh S, Mukherjee SK, Mathur VB, Saklani PL, Thapa R, Qureshi Q, Palni LMS, Sharma S, Hajra PK (2002c) Biodiversity Characterization at Landscape level in Western Himalayas India using satellite Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System: Uttarakhand (Uttaranchal). Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, National Remote Sensing Agency, Department of Space, Government of India, Dehradun. pp. i–xxi, 1–234

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy PS, Singh S, Chandrashekhar MB, Joshi, PK, Singh DK, Uniyal BP, Singh S, Hajra PK, Jerath N, Prakash C (2002d) Biodiversity Characterization at Landscape level in Western Himalayas India using satellite Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System: Punjab Shivaliks. Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, National Remote Sensing Agency, Department of Space, Government of India, Dehradun. Pp. i–xxi, 1–234

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy PS, Pujar GS, Peddi A, Yusuf AR, Jhangir A, Rashid H, Farooq M, Behera M, Chitale V, Romshoo S, Salroo I, Muslim M, Hussain A, Dar GH (2011) Biodiversity Characterization at Landscape level in Western Himalayas India using satellite Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System: Jammu & Kashmir. Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Indian Space Research Organisation, Department of Space, Government of India, Dehradun. pp. i–xx, 1–135

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy PS, Joshi PK, Jeganathan C, Yadav D, Agarwal S, S Singh (2004) Biome Level Characterization of Indian Vegetation using IRS WiFS data, ISRO-GBP Project Report, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (NRSA), Dehra Dun, pp. 166

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy PS, Singh S, Chandrashekhar MB (2006a) Biodiversity Characterization at Landscape level using satellite Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System. In Biodiversity in the Shivalik Ecosystem of Punjab. In: Jerath N, Puja, Chadha J (eds). Punjab State Council for Science & Technology, Chandigarh, pp. 21–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy PS, Joshi PK, Yadav D, Agrawal S, Singh S, Jegannathan C (2006b) Biome mapping in India using multi-temporal satellite data and other inputs. Ecological Modeling 197(1–2): 148–158

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy PS, Kushwaha SPS, Murthy MSR, Roy A, Kushwaha D, Reddy CS, Behera MD, Mathur VB, Padalia H, Saran S, Singh S, Jha CS, Porwal MC (2012) Biodiversity Characterization at Landscape level National Assessment. Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Indian Space Research Organisation, Dehradun. pp. i–xx, 1–140

    Google Scholar 

  • Roy PS, Murthy MSR, Roy A, Kushwaha SPS, Singh S, Jha CS, Behera MD, Joshi PK, Jagannathan C, Karnatak HC, Saran S, Reddy CS, Kushwaha D, Dutt CBS, Porwal MC, Sudhakar S, Srivastava VK (2013) Forest Fragmentation in India. Current Science 105(6): 774–750

    Google Scholar 

  • Samant SS, Dhar U (1997) Diversity, endemism and economic potential of wild edible plants of Indian Himalaya. International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 4(3): 179–191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saxena AK, Singh JS (1982) A Phytosociological analysis of woody species in forest communities of a part of Kumaon Himalayas. Vegetatio 50: 3–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma JR, Mudgal V, Hajra PK (1997) Floristic Diversity-Review, Scope and Perspectives. In: Mudgal V, Hajra PK (eds). Floristic Diversity and Conservation Strategies in India (Vol. 1 Cryptogams and Gymnosperms. Botanical Survey of India, Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, New Delhi

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma JR, Singh DK (2000) Status of Plant Diversity in India: An Overview. In: P.S. Roy, Sarnam Singh and A.G. Toxopeus. Proceedings of Biodiversity & Environment. Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System Perspectives. Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, NRSSA, Dehradun. 69–105

    Google Scholar 

  • Shrestha UB, Gautam S, Bawa KS (2012) Widespread climate change in the Himalayas and associated changes in local ecosystems. PLoS ONE 7(5): 1–10 e36741. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036741 Accessed on 25 Sept 2017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh A, Lal M, Samant SS (2009) Diversity, indigenous uses and conservation prioritization of medicinal plants in Lahaul Valley, proposed Cold Desert Biosphere Reserve, India. International Journal of Biodiversity Science & Management 5(3): 132–154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh CP, Panigrahy S, Thapliyal A, Kimothi MM, Soni P, Parihar JS (2012) Monitoring the alpine tree-line shift in parts of the Indian Himalayas using remote sensing. Current science 102(4): 559–562

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, DK (1997a) Floristic Diversity (Angiosperms): An Overview. In: Dhar U (ed). Himalayan Biodiversity: Action Plan. GBPIHED Himavikas Publication No. 10: 33–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh DK (1997b) Liverworts In: Mudgal V, Hajra PK (eds) Floristic Diversity and Conservation Strategies in India Cryptogams and Gymnosperms. Botanical Survey of India, Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, New Delhi. vol. I: 235–300.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh DK, Hajra PK (1996) Floristic Diversity. In: Gujral GS, Sharma V (eds). Changing perspectives of biodiversity status in the Himalaya. British Council Division, British High Commission, New Delhi. pp.23–38

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh DK, Uniyal BP, Mathur R (1999) Jammu & Kashmir. In Mudgal V, Hajra PK (eds). Floristic Diversity and Conservation Strategies in India, Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata vol. II: 905–974

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh DK, Sharma JR, Pande HC, Gupta KK, Singh S, Das K, Singh SK, Kumar S (2006) Flora of Punjab Shivaliks. In: Jerath N, Puja, Chadha J (eds). Biodiversity in the Shivalik Ecosystem of Punjab. Punjab State Council for Science & Technology, Chandigarh, pp. 65–450

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh DK, Uniyal BP (2002) Flora of Jammu & Kashmir. In: Singh NP, Singh DK, Uniyal BP (eds). Botanical Survey of India vol 1. I–v, 1–900

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh JS, Singh SP (1992) Forests of Himalaya. Gyanodaya Prakashan, India, pp. 294

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh JS, Rawat YS, Chaturvedi OP (1984) Replacement of oak Forest with Pine in the Himalayas affects the nitrogen cycle. Nature 311: 54–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh KP, Sinha GP (1997) Lichens In: Mudgal V, Hajra PK (eds) Floristic Diversity and Conservation Strategies in India Cryptogams and Gymnosperms. Botanical Survey of India, Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, New Delhi. vol. I: 195–234

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh KP, Mudgal V (1997) Gymnosperms. In: Mudgal V, Hajra PK (eds) Floristic Diversity and Conservation Strategies in India. Botanical Survey of India, Dehradun pp. 443–472

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh N, Murugan MP, Bhoyar M, Angchok D, Srivastava RB (2011) Vegetables Scenario in Cold Desert Ladakh. Defence Institute of High Altitude Research (DIHAR) Defence Research & Development Organisation. Extension Bulletin 9: 1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh P (1999) Punjab. In: Mudgal V, Hajra PK (eds). Floristic Diversity and Conservation Strategies in India, Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata vol. III: 1363–1382

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh P, Dash SS (2014) Plant Discoveries 2013 – New Genera, Species and New records. Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh S, Chandrashekar K, Singh S, Singh DK, Uniyal BP (2003a). Three New Distributional Records for Himachal Pradesh Journal of Hill Research 16(1): 49–50

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh S, Chandrashekhar K, Roy PS, Singh S, Singh DK, Uniyal BP, Chandrashekhar MB (2003b) Additions to the Flora of Lahaul-Spiti District, Himachal Pradesh. Annals Forestry 11(1): 59–62. pl.1

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, S. and G. Panigrahi (2005a). Ferns and Fern-Allies of Arunachal Pradesh. M/s Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehardun, India, vol. I: i–xx, 1–426.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, S. and G. Panigrahi (2005b). Ferns and Fern-Allies of Arunachal Pradesh Vol. II. M/s Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehardun, India, vol. II: i–xviii, 427–881

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh S, Roy PS, Chandrashekhar MB, Singh DK, Singh S, Uniyal BP, Joshi PK (2004) Phytodiversity analysis: a geospatial approach. Bulletin Botanical Survey of India (Seminar Volume) 46(1–4): 19–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh SP, Singh JS (1985) Man and Environment: the Central Himalayan Case. Biological Memoirs 11(1): 47–59

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh SP (2007) Himalayan Forest Ecosystem Services: Incorporating in National Accounting. Central Himalayan Environment Association, Nainital, India

    Google Scholar 

  • Thakur AK, Singh G, Singh S, Rawat GS (2011) Impact of Pastoral Practices on Forest Cover and Regeneration in the Outer Fringes of Kedarnath Wildlife Sanctuary, Western Himalaya. Journal of Indian Society of Remote Sensing 39(1): 127–134

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tiwari AK (1998) Mapping and Monitoring of Biodiversity using Remote Sensing: A model study for Central Himalaya. Global Change Studies. Scientific Results from ISRO/GBP, ISRO/GBP Publication, Antarisksh Bhavan, Bengalure

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner MG (1987) Landscape Heterogeneity and Disturbance. Springer-Verlag, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner MG, Gardner RH (eds) (1990) Quantitative Methods of Landscape Ecology. The Analysis and Interpretation of Landscape Heterogeneity. Ecological Studies Series, Springer-Verlag, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Uniyal BP (2002) Dipterocarpaceae. In: Singh NP, Singh DK (eds) Flora of Jammu & Kashmir Singh and B.P. Uniyal, Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata vol. 1:710

    Google Scholar 

  • Uniyal BP, Khanna KK, Balodi B (1999) Uttar Pradesh. In: Mudgal V, Hajra PK (eds). Floristic Diversity and Conservation Strategies in India, Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata vol. III: 1529–1574

    Google Scholar 

  • Verma M (2000) Economic valuation of forests of Himachal Pradesh. Himachal Pradesh Forestry Sector Review Report: International Institute of Environment and Development (IIED), London UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Vohra JN, Aziz N (1997) Mosses. In: Mudgal V, Hajra PK (eds), Floristic Diversity and Conservation Strategies in India. pp. 301–374. BSI, Dehradun

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilcox BA, Murphy DD (1985) Conservation Strategy: The Effects of fragmentation on extinction. American Naturalist 125: 879–887

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The state-wise information provided here is based on the reports of the project on ‘Biodiversity Characterization at Landscape level using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information’ carried out jointly by the Department of Space and Department of Biotechnology; and all the teams and contributors are gratefully acknowledged.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Forestry and Ecology Department, Indian Institute of Remote Sensing (IIRS), Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Department of Space, Government of India, Dehradun, India

    Sarnam Singh

  2. School of Ecology and Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir, Nalanda, Bihar, India

    Sarnam Singh

Authors
  1. Sarnam Singh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Indian Space Research Organisation, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

    R. R. Navalgund

  2. Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Indian Space Research Organisation, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

    A. Senthil Kumar

  3. Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Indian Space Research Organisation, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

    Subrata Nandy

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Singh, S. (2019). Forest Landscape Characterization for Biodiversity Conservation Planning and Management Gaps in Northwestern Himalaya Using Geospatial Technology. In: Navalgund, R., Kumar, A., Nandy, S. (eds) Remote Sensing of Northwest Himalayan Ecosystems. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2128-3_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation