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Asia and the Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights pp 169–191Cite as

Palgrave Macmillan

Implementation

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Abstract

The problem of implementation was broached by some Asian delegations, notably India, in the UDHR drafting process. Implementation would be taken up during the drafting of the two covenants over the next 20 years. Enforcement mechanisms—universal, regional, and national—are outlined in this chapter. Enforcement remains problematic across Asia. Strategies for a life of dignity are explored.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Journal of the Economic and Social Council, No. 29, p. 521.

  2. 2.

    E/CN.4/AC.1/SR.2 11 June 1947 160 Summary Record of the Second Meeting [of the Drafting Committee of the Commission on Human Rights] Held at Lake Success, New York, on Wednesday, 11 June 1947 at 11:00 a.m.

  3. 3.

    A/C.3/SR.42, 5 December, 1946, reproduced in Schabas, p. 87.

  4. 4.

    E/CN.4/SR.25, Schabas, p. 1111.

  5. 5.

    E/CN.4/11.

  6. 6.

    E/CN.4/SR 27, Schabas, p. 1121.

  7. 7.

    Francis Fukuyama, Political Order And Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Globalization of Democracy (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2014).

  8. 8.

    James Gomez and Robin Ramcharan (2017), The Universal Periodic Review of Southeast Asia: Civil Society Perspectives. Palgrave Macmillan.

  9. 9.

    James Gomez and Robin Ramcharan, The Protection of Human Rights in Southeast Asia: Improving the Effectiveness of Civil Society,” Asia-Pacific Journal on Human Rights and the Law, Volume 13, Issue 2, 2012, pp. 27–43.

  10. 10.

    See Robin Ramcharan, “ASEAN’s Human Rights Commission: Policy Considerations for Enhancing its Capacity to Protect Human Rights, UCL Human Rights Review, December 2010.

  11. 11.

    See Hao Duy Phan, “A Blueprint For a Southeast Asian Court Of Human Rights,” Asian-Pacific Law & Policy Journal, Vol. 10, No.2, pp. 384–433.

  12. 12.

    See Human Rights Committee, Faure v. Australia , 2001.

  13. 13.

    See Human Right Committee, General Comment 31.

  14. 14.

    See Human Rights Committee, General Comment 31.

  15. 15.

    GANHRI, Chart of the Status of National Institutions. Accreditation status as of 14 October 2016; consulted on the internet on 14 June 2017, no internet citation shown.

  16. 16.

    James Gomez and Robin Ramcharan (expected 2018), National Human Rights Institutions in Southeast Asia: The Challenge of Protection. Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan.

  17. 17.

    Paul Collier, The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries Are Failing and What Can Be Done About it (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007).

  18. 18.

    Ibid., Chapter 9, pp. 135–156.

  19. 19.

    Protecting Dignity: An Agenda for Human Rights, 2008. Swiss Initiative to Commemorate the 60th Anniversary of the UDHR. http://www.udhr60.ch/.

  20. 20.

    ECOSOC, E/C.12/2001/10 (10 May 200), para. 11.

  21. 21.

    UN, The Millennium Development Goals Report 2006 (New York: UN, 2006), 5.

  22. 22.

    See Making the Law Work for Everyone. Volume I, Report on Legal Empowerment of the Poor. UNDP, New York, 2008.

  23. 23.

    Ibid, p. 4.

  24. 24.

    B.G. Ramcharan, The Guyana Court of Appeal. London, Cavendish Press, 2000.

  25. 25.

    Intervention on Behalf of the National Human Rights Commission of India on “Right to Development” at First Session of the United Nations Human Rights Council by Dr. Justice A.S. Anand, Chairperson, National Human Rights Commission of India (former Chief Justice of India) on 27 June 2006 at Geneva. Original text on the internet.

  26. 26.

    Ibid.

  27. 27.

    See, generally, Indian Planning Commission, Eleventh Plan (2008); S.R. Maheshwari, Indian Administration: S.K. Misra and V.K. Puri, Indian Economy.

  28. 28.

    Arvind Panagariya, India : the Emerging Giant. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009). See Chap. 7 “Declining Poverty: the Human Face of Reforms” and Chap. 8, “Inequality: A Lesser Problem.”

References

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  •  E/CN.4/SR.25, Schabas, p. 1111.

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  •  E/CN.4/11.

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  • ECOSOC, E/C.12/2001/10 (10 May 2001, para. 11).

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  • Fukuyama, Francis. Political Order And Political Decay: From the Industrial Revolution to the Globalization of Democracy (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2014).

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  • GANHRI, Chart of the Status of National Institutions. Accreditation status as of 14 October, 2016; Consulted on the internet on 14 June, 2017, no internet citation shown.

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  • Gomez, James and Robin Ramcharan, The Universal Periodic Review of Southeast Asia: Civil Society Perspectives (Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017).

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  • Gomez, James and Robin Ramcharan, The Protection of Human Rights in Southeast Asia: Improving the Effectiveness of Civil Society,” Asia-Pacific Journal on Human Rights and the Law, Volume 13, Issue 2, 2012, pp. 27–43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez, James and Robin Ramcharan, National Human Rights Institutions in Southeast Asia: The Challenge of Protection. (Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, expected 2018).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hao Duy Phan, “A Blueprint For a Southeast Asian Court Of Human Rights,” Asian-Pacific Law & Policy Journal, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 384–433.

    Google Scholar 

  • Human Right Committee, General Comment 31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Human Rights Committee, Faure v. Australia, 2001.

    Google Scholar 

  • Human Rights Committee, General Comment 31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Indian Planning Commission, Eleventh Plan (2008).

    Google Scholar 

  • Panagariya, Arvind, India: the Emerging Giant. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009).

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  • Protecting Dignity: An Agenda for Human Rights, 2008. Swiss Initiative to Commemorate the 60th Anniversary of the UDHR. http://www.udhr60.ch/

  • Ramcharan, Bertrand, The Guyana Court of Appeal (London, Cavendish Press, 2000).

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  • Ramcharan, Robin. “ASEAN’s Human Rights Commission: Policy Considerations for Enhancing its Capacity to Protect Human Rights,” UCL Human Rights Review, December 2010.

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  • UNDP, Making the Law Work for Everyone. Volume I, Report on Legal Empowerment of the Poor. UNDP, New York, 2008.

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  • United Nations, The Millennium Development Goals Report 2006 (New York: UN, 2006), 5.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Webster University, Bangkok, Thailand

    Robin Ramcharan

  2. Asia Centre, Bangkok, Thailand

    Robin Ramcharan

  3. Emeritus President, UPR Info, Alyth, Perthshire, UK

    Bertrand Ramcharan

Authors
  1. Robin Ramcharan
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  2. Bertrand Ramcharan
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Ramcharan, R., Ramcharan, B. (2019). Implementation. In: Asia and the Drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2104-7_8

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