Abstract
The dramatic shift in the focus of trade policy concerns from the barriers that lie at the border to the barriers which exist within the border has lead the municipal governments regulate and protect public health and safety of their citizens and environment, and such regulations vary from state to state. The governments by such regulations have the potential of protecting domestic industry from international competition.
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Notes
- 1.
Japan—Taxes on Alcoholic Beverages II, WT/DS/AB/R, WT/DS10/AB/R, WT/DS11/AB/R, Adopted 1 November 1996 at p. 16.
- 2.
Ibid. , p. 28.
- 3.
Appellate Body Report, European Communities—Measures Affecting Asbestos and Asbestos containing products, WT/DS135/AB/R, Adopted 5 April 2001, at para. 98.
- 4.
Appellate Body Report, USA—Tax Treatment for Foreign Sales Corporations—Recourse to Article 21.5 of the DSU by the EC, WT/DS108/AB/RW, para. 208; Appellate Body Report, Korea—Measures Affecting Imports of Fresh, Chilled and Frozen Beef, WT/DS161/AB/R, Adopted 10 Jan. 2001, para. 133.
- 5.
Appellate Body Report, EC—Asbestos, WT/DS135/AB/R, para. 101.
- 6.
Appellate Body Report, Korea—Various Measures on Beef, WT/DS161/AB/R, para. 137.
- 7.
Appellate Body Report, USA for Reformulated and Conventional Gasoline, WT/DS2/AB/R, Adopted 20 May 1996; Appellate Body Report, Korea—Various Measures on Beef, WT/DS161/AB/R; Appellate Body Report, EC—Asbestos, WT/DS135/AB/R.
- 8.
Donna Roberts, Preliminary Assessment of the Effects of the WTO Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Trade Regulations, 1Â J.I.E.L.2 (1998), 377, 380.
- 9.
See the Preamble, the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade.
- 10.
Article 1.
- 11.
Article 1.
- 12.
Japan—Customs Duties, Taxes and Labelling Practices on Imported Wines and Alcoholic Beverage: Panel Report, Adopted 10 November 1987 BISD 345/83.
- 13.
Article 2.
- 14.
Annex 1.1.
- 15.
European Communities—Measures Affecting Asbestos and Asbestos-Containing Products. Panel Report, WT/DS35/R and Add. 1, Adopted 5 April 2001, as modified by the Appellate Body Reports, WT/DS 135/AB/R.
- 16.
Article 2.
- 17.
Article 2.4.
- 18.
Articles 2.5 and 2.9.
- 19.
Article 2.12.
- 20.
Article 3.
- 21.
Article 4.
- 22.
Annex 3.
- 23.
Article 2.5.
- 24.
Article 2.9 and Article 5.6.
- 25.
Articles 2.6 and 5.5.
- 26.
Article 2.7.
- 27.
Article 6.
- 28.
Articles 5 and 6.
- 29.
Article 5.3.
- 30.
Article 5.5.
- 31.
Article 5.8.
- 32.
Article 6.
- 33.
Articles 7 and 8.
- 34.
Article 10.1.
- 35.
Article 12.2.
- 36.
Article 12.3.
- 37.
Article 12.4.
- 38.
Article 12.8.
- 39.
Article 13.
- 40.
Article 12.10.
- 41.
Annex 2.
- 42.
Article 14.4.
- 43.
Article 15.4.
- 44.
WT/DS 135/AB/R.
- 45.
EC—Asbestos, WT/DS 135/AB/R.
- 46.
EC Measures Concerning Meat and Meat Products (Hormones)—Complaint by the USA, WT/DS26/R/USA, Adopted 13 Feb. 1998 as modified by the Appellate Body Report, WT/DS26 AB/R, p. 699; see also EC—Trade Description of Sardines; Appellate Body Report, WT/DS231/AB/R, DSR 2002: VIII.
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Koul, A.K. (2018). WTO Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT). In: Guide to the WTO and GATT. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2089-7_27
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