Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Ayurveda Abroad: Non-native Perspectives and Needs for Translating It to Western Settings

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Translational Ayurveda

Abstract

This chapter intends to give a brief overview on what might be some of the crucial characteristics of Ayurveda research and practice in western countries in the twenty-first century. This summary is not intended as an exhaustive scholarly piece on each and every aspect of national and regional Ayurvedic characteristics regarding regional historical and cultural backgrounds, national healthcare systems, policy making, legal and insurance coverage issues, etc. outside of South Asia. Instead, this chapter aims to provide a leitmotif on what the author considers to be the most relevant and simultaneously most challenging overarching central themes for Ayurveda researchers and clinicians working/practicing in western countries and for medical professionals involved in international Ayurveda collaborations/projects. While this brief attempt is certainly bound to be incomplete, fragmentary, and biased by a particular German/European researcher’s perspective, it might nevertheless serve as a cornerstone for further discussions about and immersions in challenges when working with or on Ayurveda outside of South Asia, wherever that may be.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Meulenbeld GJ. The many faces of Ayurveda. Anc Sci Life. 1992;11(3–4):106–13.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Meulenbeld GJ. A history of Indian medical literature, vol. 2. Groningen: Egbert Forsten; 2000.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Frank R, Stollberg G. Conceptualizing hybridization on the diffusion of Asian medical knowledge to Germany. Int Sociol. 2004;19(1):71–88.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Hsu E. The transmission of Chinese medicine, vol. 7. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 1999. https://books.google.de/books?hl=de&lr=&id=c-L2pzRvt88C&oi=fnd&pg=PR8&dq=The+Transmission+of+Chinese+Medicine.+Cambridge:+University+Press.+&ots=XYBYg-CRzw&sig=pzDM8pk61cvurMNkhQimIelfCjg.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  5. Alter JS. Yoga in modern India: the body between science and philosophy. Princeton: Princeton University Press; 2004. https://books.google.de/books?hl=de&lr=&id=o6anlz6i71oC&oi=fnd&pg=PR11&dq=joseph+alter+yoga+in+modern+india&ots=cSxlysRnnj&sig=9lYJbPXEcMFVr9u9pZ1FvKs7yYk.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Leslie CM, Young A. Paths to Asian medical knowledge, vol. 32. California: University of California Press; 1992. https://books.google.de/books?hl=de&lr=&id=yCusL4oT3OoC&oi=fnd&pg=PP11&dq=Epidemiological+issues+and+changing+legitimation:+traditional+medicine+in+the+twentieth+century&ots=xV0nbVr0wC&sig=bd9q8DjFZ70H21t7KFi_cWAC1CU.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  7. Caraka, Agnivesa, Cakrapanidatta, Sarma RK, Dash B. Agnivesa’s Caraka samhita: text with English translation & critical exposition based on Cakrapani Datta’s Ayurveda dipika. Vimanasthana VIII.14. Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office; 2002.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Sharma PV (transl.). Sushruta samhita. English translation. Reprint 2010. Sutrasthana (Su.) 15.41. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Visvabharati; 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Srikantha Murthy KR. Vaghbata astanga hrdayam. Śārīra sthāna. 3, 83; 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Kessler C, Michalsen A. The role of whole medical systems in global medicine. Forsch Komplementärmed. 2012;19(2):65–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Frank R, Stollberg G. Ayurvedic patients in Germany. Anthropol Med. 2002;9(3):223–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Frank R, Stollberg G. German medical doctors’ motives for practising homeopathy, acupuncture or ayurveda. In: Johannesen H, Lazar I, editors. Multiple medical realities patients healer biomedical alternative and traditional medicine. London: Berghahn Books; 2006. p. 72–88.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Naraindas H. Of relics, body parts and laser beams: the German Heilpraktiker and his Ayurvedic spa. Anthropol Med. 2011;18(1):67–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Naraindas H. Of spineless babies and folic acid: evidence and efficacy in biomedicine and Ayurvedic medicine. Soc Sci Med. 2006;62(11):2658–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Naraindas H, Quack J, Sax WS. asymmetrical conversations: contestations, circumventions, and the blurring of therapeutic boundaries, vol. 14. London: Berghahn Books; 2014. https://books.google.de/books?hl=de&lr=&id=rnAXAwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP5&dq=naraindas+ayurveda&ots=6EcEMGBC91&sig=ngGTvzcV8b9CBf11eOiFcoXNLz0.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Hausman GJ. Making medicine indigenous: homeopathy in South India. Soc Hist Med. 2002;15(2):303–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Dinges M. Medical pluralism and homoeopathy in India and Germany (1810–2010). Stuttg Steiner [Internet]. 2013. http://www.steiner-verlag.de/programm/fachbuch/akademien-und-wissenschaftliche-gesellschaften/reihen/view/titel/59911/print.html.

  18. Hammer O. Claiming knowledge: strategies of epistemology from theosophy to the new age, vol. 90. The Netherland: Brill; 2003. https://books.google.de/books?hl=de&lr=&id=EZYsPQgBNioC&oi=fnd&pg=PR13&dq=claiming+knowledge+strategies+of+epistemologies&ots=Q8eLIXdMO8&sig=mDWLhJ2oCph4ClHFgruCIHUleGg.

    Google Scholar 

  19. WHO. Benchmarks for training in Ayurveda. Switzerland: WHO Press; 2010. http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/traditional/BenchmarksforTraininginAyurveda.pdf.

    Google Scholar 

  20. World Health Organization. WHO traditional medicine strategy: 2014-2023. Switzerland: WHO Press. 2013 [cited 2015 Oct 9]. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/92455/1/9789241506090_eng.pdf.

  21. Organisation der Arbeitswelt KomplementärTherapie Organisation der Arbeitswelt KomplementärTherapie [Internet]. [cited 2017 Sep 22]. https://www.oda-kt.ch/.

  22. Anonymous. CAMbrella European research network for complementary and alternative medicine [Internet]. 2015. http://www.cambrella.eu/home.php.

  23. Katoch D, Sharma JS, Banerjee S, Biswas R, Das B, Goswami D, et al. Government policies and initiatives for development of Ayurveda. J Ethnopharmacol. 2017;197:25–31.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Chaturvedi S, Patwardhan B. Building bridges for integrative medicine. Lancet Psychiatry. 2016;3(8):705–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Manohar PR, Morandi A, Fave AD. The integration quagmire: why we need to watch our steps. Anc Sci Life. 2015;34(3):123–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Shankar D, Patwardhan B. AYUSH for new India: vision and strategy. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2017;8(3):137–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Furst DE, Venkatraman MM, McGann M, Manohar PR, Booth-LaForce C, Sarin R, et al. Double-blind, randomized, controlled, pilot study comparing classic ayurvedic medicine, methotrexate, and their combination in rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Rheumatol. 2011;17(4):185–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Furst DE, Venkatraman MM, Krishna Swamy BG, McGann M, Booth-Laforce C, Ram Manohar P, et al. Well controlled, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of classical Ayurvedic treatment are possible in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011;70(2):392–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Patwardhan B. Time for evidence-based Ayurveda: a clarion call for action. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2013;4(2):63–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Patwardhan B, Bodeker G. Ayurvedic genomics: establishing a genetic basis for mind-body typologies. J Altern Complement Med. 2008;14(5):571–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Kessler C, Wischnewsky M, Michalsen A, Eisenmann C, Melzer J. Ayurveda: between religion, spirituality, and medicine. Evid Based Complement Altern Med. 2013;2013:952432.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Kessler CS, Eisenmann C, Oberzaucher F, Forster M, Steckhan N, Meier L, et al. Ayurvedic versus conventional dietary and lifestyle counseling for mothers with burnout-syndrome: a randomized controlled pilot study including a qualitative evaluation. Complement Ther Med. 2017;34:57–65. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0965229917300122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Witt CM, Michalsen A, Roll S, Morandi A, Gupta S, Rosenberg M, et al. Comparative effectiveness of a complex Ayurvedic treatment and conventional standard care in osteoarthritis of the knee--study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2013;14:149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Kessler C, Stapelfeldt E. Der lange Weg nach Westen. Dtsch Heilprakt-Z. 2016;11(4):62–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. O’Cathail S, Stebbing J. Ayurveda: alternative or complementary? Lancet Oncol. 2012;13(9):865.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. New age orientalism: Ayurvedic “wellness and spa culture”: Health Sociol Rev. 21(2) [Internet]. [cited 2017 Sep 10]. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.5172/hesr.2012.21.2.220.

  37. Suchergebnis auf Amazon.de für: ayurveda [Internet]. [cited 2017 Sep 25]. https://www.amazon.de/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?__mk_de_DE=%C3%85M%C3%85%C5%BD%C3%95%C3%91&url=search-alias%3Daps&field-keywords=ayurveda.

  38. Sujatha V. What could “integrative” medicine mean? Social science perspectives on contemporary Ayurveda. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2011;2(3):115–23.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Frank R, Stollberg G. [Are patients of Asian medicine active consumers?] Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd. 2004;11(2):83–92.

    Google Scholar 

  40. European Ayurveda Association. European Ayurveda Association [Internet]. 2015. http://www.euroayurveda.eu/.

  41. http://www.ayurveda-verband.eu [Internet]. [cited 2017 Sep 25]. https://www.ayurveda-verband.eu/.

  42. Schweizer Ayurveda Verband | Verband Schweizer Ayurveda -Mediziner und -Therapeuten [Internet]. [cited 2017 Sep 25]. http://www.vsamt.ch/de/home/.

  43. Home [Internet]. [cited 2017 Sep 25]. http://www.ayurveda.de/.

  44. Deutsche Ärztegesellschaft für Ayurveda-Medizin. Deutsche Ärztegesellschaft für Ayurveda-Medizin [Internet]. 2015. [cited 2015 Oct 9]. www.daegam.de

  45. Ayurvedic Professionals Association—Representing Ayurvedic Practitioners throughout the United Kingdom [Internet]. [cited 2017 Nov 7]. http://apa.uk.com/.

  46. National Ayurvedic Medical Association. National Ayurvedic Medical Association [Internet]. 2015. [cited 2015 Oct 9]. http://www.ayurvedanama.org/.

  47. AAPNA | Association of Ayurvedic Professionals of North America, Inc. [Internet]. Association of Ayurvedic Professionals of North America. [cited 2017 Sep 25]. http://aapna.org/.

  48. Herbal medicinal products—Public Health—European Commission [Internet]. Public Health. [cited 2017 Sep 10]. /health/human-use/herbal-medicines_en.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Israelsen L, Lampe F. Three myths about dietary supplements … and how knowing the right answers is good for your integrative medicine practice. Integr Med (Encinitas). 2016;15(3):20–4.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Budnik LT, Baur X, Harth V, Hahn A. Alternative drugs go global: possible lead and/or mercury intoxication from imported natural health products and a need for scientifically evaluated poisoning monitoring from environmental exposures. J Occup Med Toxicol. 2016;11:49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Douros A, Bronder E, Andersohn F, Klimpel A, Kreutz R, Garbe E, et al. Herb-induced liver injury in the Berlin case-control surveillance study. Int J Mol Sci. 2016;17(1):114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  52. Saper RB, Phillips RS, Sehgal A, Khouri N, Davis RB, Paquin J, et al. Lead, mercury, and arsenic in US- and Indian-manufactured Ayurvedic medicines sold via the internet. JAMA. 2008;300(8):915–23.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Raviraja A, Vishal Babu GN, Sehgal A, Saper RB, Jayawardene I, Amarasiriwardena CJ, et al. Three cases of lead toxicity associated with consumption of ayurvedic medicines. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2010;25(3):326–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. Gupta HH. Ayurveda und Schwermetalle–Versuch einer Aufklärung. Z Für Komplementärmed. 2016;8(03):54–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  55. Mehta V, Midha V, Mahajan R, Narang V, Wander P, Sood R, et al. Lead intoxication due to ayurvedic medications as a cause of abdominal pain in adults. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2017;55(2):97–101.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Breyre A, Green-McKenzie J. Case of acute lead toxicity associated with Ayurvedic supplements. BMJ Case Rep. 2016;30:2016.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Sadler M, Bell S. Ayurvedic plumbism. Intern Med J. 2017;47(7):823–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Orchard GR, Hielscher KA, Wilke AD, Thomae MKB, Presneill JJ. Lead poisoning in Australia associated with privately imported Ayurvedic complementary medicine. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2015;43(5):669–70.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Tsutsui RS, Van Schalkwyk J, Spriggs D. Lead poisoning from Ayurvedic medicines. N Z Med J. 2013;126(1374):80–3.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Spriewald BM, Rascu A, Schaller KH, Angerer J, Kalden JR, Harrer T. Lead induced anaemia due to traditional Indian medicine: a case report. Occup Environ Med. 1999;56(4):282–3.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Bode M, Shankar P. Ayurvedic college education, reifying biomedicine and the need for reflexivity. Anthropol Med. 2017;16:1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  62. pubmeddev. Home - PubMed - NCBI [Internet]. [cited 2017 Oct 1]. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/.

  63. Naturheilkunde in Berlin am Immanuel Krankenhaus—Home [Internet]. [cited 2017 Oct 1]. http://naturheilkunde.immanuel.de/home/.

  64. Kliniken Essen-Mitte: Home [Internet]. [cited 2017 Oct 1]. http://www.kliniken-essen-mitte.de/naturheilkunde.

  65. Ev. Krankenhaus Hattingen | Komplementärmedizin [Internet]. [cited 2017 Oct 1]. https://www.augusta-bochum.de/evk/evk_komplementaer.html.

  66. Ayurveda-Ausbildung und -Weiterbildung | Europäische Akademie für Ayurveda [Internet]. [cited 2017 Oct 1]. https://www.ayurveda-akademie.org/home/.

  67. Internal Medicine Department—University of Latvia [Internet]. [cited 2017 Oct 1]. Available from: https://www.lu.lv/eng/faculties/fm/structural-units/internal-medicine-department/

  68. Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti—Università degli Studi di Milano [Internet]. [cited 2017 Oct 1]. http://www.unimi.it/chiedove/schedaStrutturaXML.jsp?codice=6588.

  69. Ayurvedic Point [Internet]. [cited 2017 Oct 1]. http://www.ayurvedicpoint.it/.

  70. Osher Center for Integrative Medicine [Internet]. [cited 2017 Oct 1]. https://www.osher.ucsf.edu/.

  71. UCLA Health—Los Angeles, CA [Internet]. [cited 2017 Oct 1]. https://www.uclahealth.org/.

  72. Home | Middlesex University London [Internet]. [cited 2017 Oct 1]. http://www.mdx.ac.uk/.

  73. Centre for Human Psychopharmacology | Swinburne University | Melbourne [Internet]. [cited 2017 Oct 1]. http://www.swinburne.edu.au/research/human-psychopharmacology/.

  74. Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, YouTube, Google+, Rss, et al. Faculty of Health Sciences | Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences [Internet]. [cited 2017 Oct 1]. https://health.adelaide.edu.au/admissions/interview/help/.

  75. Ritenbaugh C, Aickin M, Bradley R, Caspi O, Grimsgaard S, Musial F. Whole systems research becomes real: new results and next steps. J Altern Complement Med. 2010;16(1):131–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  76. Ritenbaugh C, Verhoef M, Fleishman S, Boon H, Leis A. Whole systems research: a discipline for studying complementary and alternative medicine. Altern Ther Health Med. 2003;9(4):32–6.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Elder C, Aickin M, Bell IR, Fønnebø V, Lewith GT, Ritenbaugh C, et al. Methodological challenges in whole systems research. J Altern Complement Med. 2006;12(9):843–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Lachance LL, Hawthorne V, Brien S, Hyland ME, Lewith GT, Verhoef MJ, et al. Delphi-derived development of a common core for measuring complementary and alternative medicine prevalence. J Altern Complement Med. 2009;15(5):489–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  79. Gagnier JJ, Kienle G, Altman DG, Moher D, Sox H, Riley D. The CARE guidelines: consensus-based clinical case reporting guideline development. BMJ Case Rep [Internet]. 2013;2013. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3822203/.

  80. Kessler C, Stapelfeldt E, Michalsen A, Kowalcek I, Kronpaß L, Dhruva A. The effect of a complex multi-modality Ayurvedic treatment in a case of unknown female infertility. Forsch Komplementarmed. 2015;22(4):251–8.

    Google Scholar 

  81. Rastogi S. Low-pressure, low-flow voiding dysfunction in an elderly male treated through Ayurveda: a case report. J Evid Based Complement Altern Med. 2017;22(4):846–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156587217712764.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. Witt CM, Manheimer E, Hammerschlag R, Lüdtke R, Lao L, Tunis SR, et al. How well do randomized trials inform decision making: systematic review using comparative effectiveness research measures on acupuncture for back pain. PLoS One. 2012;7(2):e32399. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3289651/.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Witt CM, Aickin M, Baca T, Cherkin D, Haan MN, Hammerschlag R, et al. Effectiveness guidance document (EGD) for acupuncture research - a consensus document for conducting trials. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2012;12:148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  84. Witt CM, Rafferty Withers S, Grant S, Lauer MS, Tunis S, Berman BM. What can comparative effectiveness research contribute to integrative health in international perspective? J Altern Complement Med. 2014;20(11):874–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  85. Loudon K, Zwarenstein M, Sullivan F, Donnan P, Treweek S. Making clinical trials more relevant: improving and validating the PRECIS tool for matching trial design decisions to trial purpose. Trials. 2013;14:115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  86. Prasher B, Varma B, Kumar A, Khuntia BK, Pandey R, Narang A, et al. Ayurgenomics for stratified medicine: TRISUTRA consortium initiative across ethnically and geographically diverse Indian populations. J Ethnopharmacol. 2017;197:274–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  87. Tiwari P, Kutum R, Sethi T, Shrivastava A, Girase B, Aggarwal S, et al. Recapitulation of Ayurveda constitution types by machine learning of phenotypic traits. PLoS One. 2017;12(10):e0185380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  88. Stranieri A, Butler-Henderson K, Sahama T, Perera PK, Da Silva JL, Pelonio D, et al. A visual grid to digitally record an Ayurvedic Prakriti assessment; a first step toward integrated electronic health records. J Tradit Complement Med. 2017;7(2):264–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  89. Bhalerao S, Patwardhan K. Prakriti-based research: good reporting practices. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2016;7(1):69–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  90. Kurande V, Bilgrau AE, Waagepetersen R, Toft E, Prasad R. Interrater reliability of diagnostic methods in traditional Indian ayurvedic medicine. Evid Based Complement Altern Med. 2013;2013:658275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  91. Kurande VH, Waagepetersen R, Toft E, Prasad R. Reliability studies of diagnostic methods in Indian traditional Ayurveda medicine: an overview. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2013;4(2):67–76.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  92. Delle Fave A, Negri L, Manohar PR, Morandi A, Bassi M. The Ayurveda concept of Prakŗti and the western construct of personality: a comparative pilot study. Eur J Integr Med. 2015;7(4):396–408.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  93. Hegyi G, Petri RP, Roberti di Sarsina P, Niemtzow RC. Overview of integrative medicine practices and policies in NATO participant countries. Med Acupunct. 2015;27(5):318–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  94. Fischer FH, Lewith G, Witt CM, Linde K, von Ammon K, Cardini F, et al. High prevalence but limited evidence in complementary and alternative medicine: guidelines for future research. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014;14:46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  95. Reiter B, Baumhöfener F, Dlaboha M, Odde Madsen J, Regenfelder S, Weidenhammer W. Building a sustainable complementary and alternative medicine research network in Europe. Forsch Komplementarmedizin 2006. 2012;19(Suppl 2):61–8.

    Google Scholar 

  96. Weidenhammer W, Brinkhaus B. CAMbrella--a pan-European research network for complementary and alternative medicine: from the beginnings up to first results. Forsch Komplementarmed. 2012;19(Suppl 2):3–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  97. Josyula KL, Sheikh K, Nambiar D, Narayan VV, Sathyanarayana TN, Porter JDH. “Getting the water-carrier to light the lamps”: Discrepant role perceptions of traditional, complementary, and alternative medical practitioners in government health facilities in India. Soc Sci Med. 2016;166:214–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  98. Morandi A, Tosto C. Ayurvedic point: the Italian way to Ayurveda. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2010;1(2):141–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  99. Morandi A, Narayanan Nambi AN. An integrated view of health and well-being. Berlin: Springer; 2013 [cited 2017 Feb 24]. http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-94-007-6689-1.pdf.

  100. Niemi M, Ståhle G. The use of ayurvedic medicine in the context of health promotion—a mixed methods case study of an ayurvedic centre in Sweden. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2016;16:62. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4756420/.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  101. Hu X-Y, Lorenc A, Kemper K, Liu J-P, Adams J, Robinson N. Defining integrative medicine in narrative and systematic reviews: a suggested checklist for reporting. Eur J Integr Med. 2015;7(1):76–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  102. Schrott E, Ammon HPT. Heilpflanzen der ayurvedischen und der westlichen Medizin. Berlin: Springer; 2012.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  103. Schrott E. Weihrauch: seine au\s sergewöhnliche Heilwirkung neu entdeckt;[sanfte, natürliche und wirksame Hilfe bei: Rheuma, Allergien, Hauterkrankungen und Darmentzündungen]. Aurum-Verlag in J. Kamphausen Verlag; 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  104. Chaudhary A, Singh N. Intellectual property rights and patents in perspective of Ayurveda. Ayu. 2012;33(1):20–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

I would like to express my sincere thanks to Dania Schumann and Dr. Vijayendra Murthy for editing this chapter for language and for their valuable advice. Thanks to Prof. Andreas Michalsen and Prof. Claudia Witt for having guided me in clinical research over the last decade. Big thanks also to my friend and colleague Elmar Stapelfeldt for always being a great source of inspiration. I am also most thankful to all my Ayurveda teachers near and far over the past 20 years. Thanks to my parents Carmen and Manfred for their lifelong support. Last but not least, the biggest thanks go to my wife Lea and our sons Noah and Jonah who are always with me with the most valuable thing on earth: love.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité Medical University, Berlin, Germany

    Christian Sumith Kessler

  2. Department for Complementary Medicine, Immanuel Hospital Berlin, Berlin, Germany

    Christian Sumith Kessler

Authors
  1. Christian Sumith Kessler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Kaya Chikitsa , State Ayurvedic College and Hospital, Lucknow University, Lucknow, India

    Sanjeev Rastogi

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Kessler, C.S. (2019). Ayurveda Abroad: Non-native Perspectives and Needs for Translating It to Western Settings. In: Rastogi, S. (eds) Translational Ayurveda . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2062-0_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2062-0_11

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-13-2061-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-13-2062-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation