Introduction

Abstract

This book focuses on the market economy and the overall structure of modern civil society. Particular attention is paid to the economies and politics of developed countries. Today, most countries in the world have adopted a market economy to attain high productivity. However, Government is another major part. The former provides individuals with goods on which to live, and the latter provides the framework for their behaviors in the form of rules. In examining these two major parts of a modern society, we observe the totality of society from a bird’s eye. This book utilizes economic rules, with a further focus on two major fields in modern economic activities: natural resource distribution and product distribution. The former includes questions of (1) how to distribute land and (2) how to allocate the burden of education or who shall bear it, particularly higher education in this book. The latter, product distribution, includes the distribution of firm income between profit and wages, as well as why we are driven to help those less fortunate and what motives drive us so.