Abstract
Recent studies have been paying much attention on trip-chaining behavior. However, shop-around trip-chaining behavior at a midtown district has not yet been fully explored. In particular, there is a lack of empirical facts about its purpose transition. Based on the citizen survey conducted by Saga City Government, this research analyzes how many purpose transitions occur before quitting and constructs ratio scale to account for what type of purpose is preferred in what steps of shop-around. Findings are quitting rate of shop-around increases as steps proceed; purpose transition probability is non-stationary; and there are two kinds of purposes which are more likely to occur early or later.
This chapter is based on the paper, Saburo Saito [17] “Duration and Order of Purpose Transition Occurred in the Shop-around Trip Chain at a Midtown District,” Papers on City Planning, No.23, pp. 55–60, 1988, in Japanese with English abstract. Small modifications are made at this time for this chapter.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
The classification of derived and non-derived purposes is derived from focusing on the fact that derived purposes occur as a means to carry out other purposes. In other words, it tries to distinguish between a behavior where the behavior itself is performed as the purpose and a behavior where the behavior is performed as the means to carry out other purposes. It is the same as the distinction between discretionary and mandatory purposes. While purposes such as “picking up” someone or going to meet someone by “appointment” can occur by themselves even if there are no other planned purposes, the purposes of “parking” and “passing by” are assumed to have some other planned purposes. Hence, they are classified as non-derived and derived purposes, respectively.
The difference between the analysis of all purposes and the analysis restricted to the derived purposes is easy to understand through the following example. Assume that shop-around involves the route such as purpose 1 → passing by → purpose 1. In this case, as for the analysis limited to the non-derived purposes excluding “passing by,” the number of shop-around steps does not increase and stays equal to one because purpose 1 did not change since the purposes before and after “passing by.” are the same as purpose 1 so that no purpose transition is considered to occur.
In contrast, as for all purposes, the purpose transitions occurred two times, from purpose 1 to “passing by” and from “passing by” to purpose 1 so that the number of shop-around steps increases by 2. If one is concerned with how many different discretionary purposes occur in one trip, it is necessary to conduct the analysis limited to non-derived purposes. The reason for including the purpose of “passing by” is to apply this purpose to the evaluation of downtown spatial structure [12].
- 2.
The Wilcoxon test of the homogeneity of stratified survival functions was performed. The results are shown here. As the Wilcoxon statistic compares the two survival functions, it becomes a chi-square distribution with one degree of freedom. To show the results as (χ2-value:p-value), they become by mode (43.01: 0.0001), by arrival time (4.20: 0.0404), and by weekday/weekend (6.83: 0.0090).
- 3.
Refer to Amemiya ([1], p. 417) for the method of the likelihood ratio test. The shop-around steps from the sixth step and above is collapsed into one step, and the degree of freedom is calculated by deducting the number of random zeroes, which gives DF = 515 and χ 2 = 92 for all purposes excluding “returning home,” and DF = 418 and χ 2 = 831 for non-derived purposes, with p < 0.001 for both.
References
Amemiya T (1985) Advanced econometrics. Blackwell, Oxford
Cox DR, Oakes D (1984) Analysis of survival data. Chapman and Hall, London
Fukami T (1974) A study on pedestrian flows in commercial district part 1. Pap City Plan:43–48. (in Japanese)
Fukami T (1977) A study on pedestrian flows in a commercial district part 2. Pap City Plan:61–66. (in Japanese)
Hagishima S, Mitsuyoshi K, Kurose S (1987) Estimation of pedestrian shopping trips in a neighborhood by using a spatial interaction model. Environ Plan A 19:1139–1152
Kondo K (1987) Transport behavior analysis. KoyoShobo. (in Japanese)
Saaty TL (1980) The analytic hierarchy process: planning, priority setting, resource allocation. McGraw-Hill, New York
Saito S (1983) Present situation and challenges for the commercial districts in Nobeoka Area. In: Committee for Modernizing Commerce Nobeoka Region Section (ed) The report of regional plan for modernizing commerce Nobeoka area. pp 36–96. (in Japanese)
Saito S (1984) A disaggregate hierarchical Huff model with considering consumer’s shop-around choice among commercial districts: developing SCOPES (Saga Commercial Policy Evaluation System). Plan Publ Manag 13:73–82. (in Japanese)
Saito S (1984) A survey report on the modified Huff model: the development of SCOPES (Saga Commercial Policy Evaluation System) (in Japanese): development of SCOPE (Saga Commercial Policy Evaluation System). Saga City Government, Saga City. (in Japanese)
Saito S (1986) Analysis report of Saga citizen opinion survey: City attractiveness and policy demand of Saga City, Saga City Government. (in Japanese)
Saito S (1988) Assessing the space structure of central shopping district viewed from consumers’ shop-around behaviors: a case study of the Midtown District of Saga City. Fukuoka Univ Econ Rev 33:47–108. (in Japanese)
Saito S (1988) Ratio scaling and scale decomposition of rank ordered choice set data: an application of positive reciprocal matrix theory. Fukuoka Univ Rev Econ 33:1–46. (in Japanese)
Sakamoto T (1984) An absorbing Markov chain model for estimating consumers’ shop-around effect on commercial districts. Pap City Plan:289–294. (in Japanese)
SAS Institute (1985) Proc LIFETEST. In: SAS user’s guide: statistics
Takeuchi S (1981) A model for location planning of commercial functions. Plan Publ Manag:25–33. (in Japanese)
Saito S (1988) Duration and order of purpose transition occurred in the shop-around trip chain at a midtown district. Pap City Plan:55–60. (in Japanese)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Saito, S. (2018). Occurrence Order of Shop-Around Purposes. In: Saito, S., Yamashiro, K. (eds) Advances in Kaiyu Studies. New Frontiers in Regional Science: Asian Perspectives, vol 19. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1739-2_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1739-2_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-1738-5
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-1739-2
eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)