Abstract
In this paper, we propose a novel face recognition pipeline based on keypoint detection and classification. The proposed approach makes use of the recent advances in the field of deep learning through a recently proposed keypoint detector and descriptor called learned invariant feature transform (LIFT). We also incorporate extreme learning machines (ELMs) for the purpose of classification. The descriptors are aggregated using vector of locally aggregated descriptors (VLADs). This approach is tested extensively in comparison with other well-known descriptors on databases like ORL, Faces94, and Grimace and has been proved to outperform other descriptors in most cases. This provides a fast and accurate algorithm for face recognition.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Wang, Y., Bao, T., Ding, C., Zhu, M.: Face recognition in real-world surveillance videos with deep learning method. In: 2017 2nd International Conference on Image, Vision and Computing (ICIVC), pp. 239–243 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIVC.2017.7984553
Zhao, W., Chellappa, R., Phillips, P.J., Rosenfeld, A.: Face recognition: a literature survey. ACM Comput. Surv. 35(4), 399–458 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1145/954339.954342
Lowe, D.G.: Object recognition from local scale-invariant features. In: Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, vol. 2, pp. 1150–1157 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCV.1999.790410
Rublee, E., Rabaud, V., Konolige, K., Bradski, G.: ORB: an efficient alternative to SIFT or SURF. In: 2011 International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 2564–2571 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCV.2011.6126544
Bay, H., Tuytelaars, T., Van Gool, L.: SURF: Speeded Up Robust Features. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp. 404–417 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/11744023_32
Wan, L., Liu, N., Huo, H., Fang, T.: Face recognition with convolutional neural networks and subspace learning. In: 2017 2nd International Conference on Image, Vision and Computing (ICIVC), pp. 228–233 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIVC.2017.7984551
Yi, K.M., Trulls, E., Lepetit, V., Fua, P.: LIFT: Learned Invariant Feature Transform. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 467–483 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46466-4_28
Huang, G.-B., Zhu, Q.-Y., Siew, C.-K.: Extreme learning machine: theory and applications. Neurocomputing 70(13), 489–501 (2006). ISSN 0925-2312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2005.12.126, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0925231206000385
Lowe, D.G.: Distinctive image features from scale-invariant keypoints. Int. J. Comput. Vis 60(2), 91–110 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1023/B:VISI.0000029664.99615.94
Zhang, L., Chen, J., Lu, Y., Wang, P.: Face recognition using scale invariant feature transform and support vector machine. In: 2008 The 9th International Conference for Young Computer Scientists, pp. 1766–1770 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICYCS.2008.481
Isik, S.: A comparative evaluation of well-known feature detectors and descriptors. Int. J. Appl. Math. Electron. Comput. 3(1), 16 (2014)
Jegou, H., Douze, M., Schmid, C., Perez, P.: Aggregating local descriptors into a compact image representation. In CVPR 2010—23rd IEEE Conference on Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition. IEEE Computer Society, San Francisco, United States, pp. 3304–3311 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2010.5540039
Arandjelovic, R., Zisserman, A.: All About VLAD. In: 2013 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1578–1585 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2013.207
Rumelhart, D.E., Hinton, G.E., Williams, R.J.: Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition, vol. 1. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, Chapter Learning Internal Representations by Error Propagation, pp. 318–362 (1986). http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=104279.104293
Zhang, L., Suganthan, P.N.: A comprehensive evaluation of random vector functional link networks. Inf. Sci. (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2015.09.025
Simple Faces Dataset (2002). http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/dtg/attarchive/facedatabase.html
Spacek, L.: Collection of Facial Images: Faces94 (2007). http://cswww.essex.ac.uk/mv/allfaces/faces94.html
Spacek, L.: Collection of Facial Images: Grimace (2007). http://cswww.essex.ac.uk/mv/allfaces/grimace.html
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Vinay, A., S. Hegde, N., Tejas, S.K., Patil, N.V., Natarajan, S., Balasubramanya Murthy, K.N. (2019). Learned Invariant Feature Transform and Extreme Learning Machines for Face Recognition. In: Bansal, J., Das, K., Nagar, A., Deep, K., Ojha, A. (eds) Soft Computing for Problem Solving. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 817. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1595-4_23
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1595-4_23
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-1594-7
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-1595-4
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)