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Cyanobacteria in Reducing Pollution Load from Wastewater and Laboratory Bioassay of Heavy Metals on Ecotoxicity Study: A Review

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The Role of Microalgae in Wastewater Treatment

Abstract

Cyanobacteria, also named as blue-green algae, are the only known prokaryotes capable of oxygenic photosynthesis. Treatments of both industrial and domestic wastewater through physico-chemical methods are invariably cost-intensive to be employed in industries especially in developing and underdeveloped countries. Therefore, in recent years, the importance of low-cost biological wastewater treatment by using the cyanobacteria compared to the conventional wastewater treatment plants has attracted the attention of the researchers. It has been reviewed that there is a reduction of about 70% calcium, 46% chloride, 100% nitrate, 88% nitrite, 100% ammonia, 92% total phosphorus, 12.5% magnesium, 85% BOD and 85% COD from different wastewater by application of different species of cyanobacteria. Further, the metals like Cu, Al, Cd, Zn, Hg, Cr, Ni, Pb, etc. play an important role in the growth and development of cyanobacteria under laboratory culture conditions. Toxicity on growth, effect on photosynthesis, damage of cell, algaecide effect, toxicity at sublethal concentration, ultrastructural changes, cell division and movement, changes in cellular components, etc. are some of the observations in cyanobacteria under laboratory bioassay for metal toxicity study. Besides these, cyanobacteria also show growth effect when grown in wastewater containing different types of pesticides, herbicides and other toxic chemicals. In the present review, an attempt has been made to review the role of different species of cyanobacteria in reducing the pollution load from different wastewater and also the laboratory bioassay of heavy metals on ecotoxicity of aquatic cyanobacteria.

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  1. Biofuels and Bioprocessing Research Center, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Aditya Kishore Dash & Abanti Pradhan

  2. Department of Chemistry, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Mira Das

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  2. Mira Das
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  1. Biofuels and Bioprocessing Research Center, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Lala Behari Sukla

  2. Biomics & Biodiversity Laboratory, Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Enketeswara Subudhi

  3. Biofuels and Bioprocessing Research Center, Institute of Technical Education and Research, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India

    Debabrata Pradhan

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Dash, A.K., Das, M., Pradhan, A. (2019). Cyanobacteria in Reducing Pollution Load from Wastewater and Laboratory Bioassay of Heavy Metals on Ecotoxicity Study: A Review. In: Sukla, L., Subudhi, E., Pradhan, D. (eds) The Role of Microalgae in Wastewater Treatment . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1586-2_1

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