Abstract
Today, surveillance is everywhere where the operators continuously observe the video captured by the camera to identify the human/object for public safety. Automated systems are being developed for real-time facial recognition as it is highly difficult for the operators to track and identify in highly crowded areas. The feature selection process is generally used to represent faces, and a machine learning-based approach is used to classify the faces in face recognition. A variety of poses, expressions and illumination conditions make the manual feature selection process error-prone and computationally complex. This paper proposes a less computationally complex real-time face recognition algorithm and system based on local binary patterns and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). A modified version of LENET is used instead for face recognition. The recognition accuracy of the proposed method is tested on two publicly available datasets. A new database covering most of the challenges like illumination and oriental variations, facial expressions, facial details (goggles, beard and turban) and age factor is also developed. The proposed architecture proved accurate up to 97.5% in offline mode and an average accuracy of 96% in the real-time recognition process. In the real-time process, frame reading and frame processing are done in two separate threads to improve the frame rate from 28 to 38 FPS.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Chellappa, R., Wilson, C.L., Sirohey, S.: Human and machine recognition of faces: a survey. Proc. IEEE 83(5), 705–741 (1995)
Zou, L., Kamata, S.I.: Face detection in color images based on skin color models. In: Proceedings of IEEE Conference TENCON 2010, pp. 681–686 (2010)
Redner, R.A., Walker, H.F.: Mixture densities, maximum likelihood and the EM algorithm. SIAM Rev. 26(2), 195–239 (1984)
Zhou, H., Sadka, A.H.: Combining perceptual features with diffusion distance for face recognition. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man. Cybern. Part C (Appl. Rev.) 41(5), 577–588 (2011)
Viola, P., Jones, M.: Rapid object detection using a boosted cascade of simple features. In: Proceedings of IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 1–511 (2001)
Krishna, M.G., Srinivasulu, A.: Face detection system on AdaBoost algorithm using Haar classifiers. Int. J. Mod. Eng. Res. 2(5), 3556–3560 (2012)
Surekha, B., Nazare,K.J., Raju, S.V., et al.: Attendance recording system using partial face recognition algorithm. In: Intelligent Techniques in Signal Processing for Multimedia Security, pp. 293–319 (2017)
Bilaniuk, O., Fazl-Ersi, E., Laganiere, R., et al.: Fast LBP face detection on low-power SIMD architectures. In: Proceedings of Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops (CVPRW), pp. 630–636 (2014)
Fernandes, S., Bala, J.: Low power affordable and efficient face detection in the presence of various noises and blurring effects on a single-board computer. In: Proceedings of the 49th Annual Convention of the Computer Society of India (CSI), pp. 119–127 (2015)
Benzaoui, A., Boukrouche, A., Doghmane, H., et al.: Face recognition using 1DLBP, DWT and SVM. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Control, Engineering & Information Technology, pp. 1–6 (2015)
Ge, W., Quan, W., Han, C.: Face description and identification using histogram sequence of local binary pattern. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Advanced Computational Intelligence, pp. 415–420 (2015)
Aizan, J., Ezin, E.C., Motamed, C.: A face recognition approach based on nearest neighbor interpolation and local binary pattern. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Signal-Image Technology & Internet-Based Systems, pp. 76–81 (2016)
Zhang, J., Xiao, X.: Face recognition algorithm based on multi-layer weighted LBP. In: Proceedings of International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Design, pp. 196–199 (2016)
Dahmouni, A., Aharrane, N., Satori, K., et al.: Face recognition using local binary probabilistic pattern (LBPP) and 2D-DCT frequency decomposition. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Computer Graphics, Imaging and Visualization, pp. 73–77 (2016)
Huang, K.K., Dai, D.Q., Ren, C.X., et al.: Fusing landmark-based features at kernel level for face recognition. Pattern Recogn. 63, 406–415 (2017)
Li, C., Wei, W., Li, J., et al.: A cloud-based monitoring system via face recognition using Gabor and CS-LBP features. J. Supercomput. 73(4), 1532–1546 (2017)
Krishna Kishore, K.V., Varma, G.P.S.: Hybrid framework for face recognition with expression & illumination variations. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Green Computing Communication and Electrical Engineering, pp. 1–6 (2014)
Majeed, S.: Face recognition using fusion of local binary pattern and zernike moments. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Power Electronics. Intelligent Control and Energy Systems, pp. 1–5 (2016)
Tyagi, D., Verma, A., Sharma, S.: An improved method for face recognition using local ternary pattern with GA and SVM classifier. In: Proceeedings of International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Informatics, pp. 421–426 (2016)
Yan, K., Huang, S., Song, Y., et al.: Face recognition based on convolution neural network. In: 2017 36th Chinese Control Conference (CCC), pp. 4077–408 (2017)
Ding, C., Tao, D.: Robust face recognition via multimodal deep face representation. IEEE Trans. Multimed. 17(11), 2049–2058 (2015)
Moon, H.M., Seo, C.H., Pan, S.B.: A face recognition system based on convolution neural network using multiple distance face. Soft. Comput. 21(17), 4995–5002 (2017)
Liu, X., Kan, M., Wu, W., et al.: VIPLFaceNet: an open source deep face recognition SDK. Front. Comput. Sci. 11(2), 208–218 (2017)
Jain, V., Patel, D.: A GPU based implementation of robust face detection system. Proc. Comput. Sci. 87, 156–163 (2016)
Xi1, M., Chen1, L., Polajnar1, D., et al.: Local binary pattern network: a deep learning approach for face recognition. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Image Processing, pp. 3224–3228 (2016)
LeCun, Y., Bottou, L., Bengio, Y., et al.: Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition. Proc. IEEE 86(11), 2278–2324 (1998)
Khalajzadeh, H., Mansouri, M., Teshnehlab, M.: Face recognition using convolutional neural network and simple logistic classifier. Stud. Comput. Intell. 223, 197–207 (2013)
Tivive, F.H.C., Bouzerdoum, A.: A gender recognition system using shunting inhibitory convolutional neural networks. In: International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, pp. 5336–5341 (2006)
Pietikainen, M., Hadid, A., Zhao, G., et al.: Local binary patterns for still images. Computer vision using local binary patterns. Comput. Imaging Vis. 40, 13–47 (2011)
Liao, S., Zhu, X., Lei, Z., et al.: Learning multi-scale block local binary patterns for face recognition. In: International Conference on Biometrics, pp. 828–837 (2007)
Georghiades, A.S., Belhumeur, P.N., Kriegman, D.J.: From few to many: illumination cone models for face recognition under variable lighting and pose. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 23(6), 643–660 (2001)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Venkata Kranthi, B., Surekha, B. (2019). Real-Time Facial Recognition Using Deep Learning and Local Binary Patterns. In: Chakraborty, M., Chakrabarti, S., Balas, V., Mandal, J. (eds) Proceedings of International Ethical Hacking Conference 2018. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 811. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1544-2_27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1544-2_27
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-1543-5
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-1544-2
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)