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Mechanisms of Arsenic Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants pp 361–403Cite as

Environmental Chemistry, Fate and Speciation of Arsenic in Groundwater-Soil-Crop Systems

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Abstract

Arsenic (As) is a toxic metalloid having a natural origin in the earth’s crust. Among the several sources of As pollution, geogenic As pollution through contamination of the groundwater in the deltaic basin of Bengal (region of Ganga and Padma river) covering India and Bangladesh is of great concern to the world as it paved its way for As to adversely affect the soil-plant-animal continuum. Arsenic in soil and water is transformed chemically and biochemically through different processes, namely, oxidation, reduction, methylation, and demethylation. Regarding the fate, As mobility depends upon the clay percent and mineralogical makeup of the soil, whereas As retention is facilitated by different soil physicochemical properties, adsorption and ion exchange process, organic fraction-As complexation equilibria, surface charge characteristics, and other nutrient element interactions in soils. Precipitation-coprecipitation and microbial transformation also govern the fate of As in soil and water. After interaction with soil and water, As is further translocated or metabolized to plant body in several inorganic and organic forms. In plant body, As accumulation pattern, in general, was observed to follow the order root > stem >leaf > economic produce. Several workers attempted to derive the toxicity symptoms and values in the plant as well as man’s edibility. Finally, speciation of total loading of As for the affected soils and the crops into arsenite and arsenate oxyanion species is important for characterizing the net toxicity of As in the given soil-crop systems.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fertiliser Control Laboratory, Abas, Paschim Midnapore, West Bengal, India

    Indranil Das

  2. Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Nadia, West Bengal, India

    S. K. Sanyal

  3. Directorate of Agriculture (Administration), Purulia, West Bengal, India

    K. Ghosh

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  1. Indranil Das
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  2. S. K. Sanyal
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  3. K. Ghosh
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  1. Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Mirza Hasanuzzaman

  2. Department of Agricultural Botany, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Kamrun Nahar

  3. Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan

    Masayuki Fujita

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Das, I., Sanyal, S.K., Ghosh, K. (2018). Environmental Chemistry, Fate and Speciation of Arsenic in Groundwater-Soil-Crop Systems. In: Hasanuzzaman, M., Nahar, K., Fujita, M. (eds) Mechanisms of Arsenic Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1292-2_16

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