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Gene Regulatory Networks Mediating Cold Acclimation: The CBF Pathway

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Survival Strategies in Extreme Cold and Desiccation

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1081))

Abstract

Under low nonfreezing temperature conditions, plants from temperate climates undergo physiological and biochemical adjustments that increase their tolerance to freezing temperatures. This response, termed cold acclimation, is largely regulated by changes in gene expression. Molecular and genetic studies have identified a small family of transcription factors, called C-repeat binding factors (CBFs), as key regulators of the transcriptomic rearrangement that leads to cold acclimation. The function of these proteins is tightly controlled, and an inadequate supply of CBF activity may be detrimental to the plant. Accumulated evidence has revealed an extremely intricate network of positive and negative regulators of cold acclimation that coalesce at the level of CBF promoters constituting a central hub where multiple internal and external signals are integrated. Moreover, CBF expression is also controlled at posttranscriptional and posttranslational levels further refining CBF regulation. Recently, natural variation studies in Arabidopsis have demonstrated that mutations resulting in changes in CBF expression have an adaptive value for wild populations. Intriguingly, CBF genes are also present in plant species that do not cold acclimate, which suggest that they may also have additional functions. For instance, CBFs are required for some cold-related abiotic stress responses. In addition, their involvement in plant development deserves further study. Although more studies are necessary to fully harness CBF biotechnological potential, these transcription factors are meant to be key for a rational design of crops with enhanced tolerance to abiotic stress.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

Abscisic acid

AP2/ERF:

Apetala2/ethylene response factor

BR:

Brassinosteroid

CBF:

C-repeat binding factor

COR:

Cold regulated

CRISPR:

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats

CRT:

C-repeat

DRE:

Dehydration-responsive element

ET:

Ethylene

GA:

Gibberellin

H3K27me3:

Histone H3 lysine 27 trime-thylation

ICE:

Inducer of CBF expression

JA:

Jasmonic acid

RNApol II:

RNA polymerase II

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Acknowledgments

Research in Julio Salinas’s lab is funded by grants BIO2013-47788-R from MINECO and BIO2016-79187-R from AEI/FEDER, UE.

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  1. Departamento de Biotecnología Microbiana y de Plantas, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas-CSIC, Madrid, Spain

    Javier Barrero-Gil & Julio Salinas

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  1. Javier Barrero-Gil
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  2. Julio Salinas
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Correspondence to Julio Salinas .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

    Mari Iwaya-Inoue

  2. Center for Biological Resources and Informatics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan

    Minoru Sakurai

  3. United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences and Department of Plant-biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan

    Matsuo Uemura

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Barrero-Gil, J., Salinas, J. (2018). Gene Regulatory Networks Mediating Cold Acclimation: The CBF Pathway. In: Iwaya-Inoue, M., Sakurai, M., Uemura, M. (eds) Survival Strategies in Extreme Cold and Desiccation. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1081. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1244-1_1

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