Abstract
In this paper, an attempt is made to analyse the dilative behaviour of dense sand at two different sizes of the direct shear box, i.e., small (60 mm × 60 mm × 30 mm) and large (305 mm × 305 mm × 140 mm). A three-dimensional numerical model is developed using the FLAC3D software to analyse the size effect on dilative behaviour of dense sand along the top and the shear plane of the box at 15 kPa normal pressure. It is observed that the vertical deformation of soil on top plane increases linearly with horizontal displacement, whereas on shear plane, the vertical deformation remains constant after yielding of sand. It is also found that there is greater movement of sand particles at the front and the back of the box for the large shear box compared with that for the small shear box.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsAbbreviations
- B :
-
Width of the shear box
- DSB:
-
Direct shear box
- H :
-
Height of the shear box
- L :
-
Length of the shear box
- MC:
-
Mohr–Coulomb
- 2D:
-
Two dimensional
- 3D:
-
Three-dimensional
- D 50 :
-
Diameter corresponding to percentage finer than 50%
- ψ :
-
Dilation angle
- ϕ :
-
Peak friction angle
- ϕ cv :
-
Friction angle at 40-mm horizontal displacement
- σ n :
-
Normal pressure
- τ :
-
Peak shear stress
- τ 40 :
-
Shear–stress at 40-mm horizontal displacement
References
AASHTO. (2008). Standard method of test for direct shear test of soil under consolidated drained conditions. Washington, D.C.: T236-08-UL American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
ASTM. (2011). ASTM D3080/D3080M: Standard test method for direct shear test for soils under consolidated drained conditions. West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, USA: American Society for Testing and Materials.
Bareither, C. A., Benson, C. H., & Edil, T. B. (2007). Reproducibility of direct shear tests conducted on granular backfill materials. ASTM Geotechnical Testing Journal, 31(1).
Bareither, C. A., Benson, C. H., & Edil, T. B. (2008). Comparison of shear strength of sand backfills measured in small-scale and large-scale direct shear tests. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 45, 1224–1236.
Bolton, M. D. (1986). The strength and dilatancy of sand. Géotechnique, 36(1), 65–78.
Chakraborty, T., & Salgado, R. (2010). Dilatancy and shear strength of sand at low confining pressures. ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 136(3), 527–532.
Cui, L., & O’Sullivan, C. (2006). Exploring the macro- and micro-scale response of an idealized granular material in the direct shear apparatus. Géotechnique, 56(7), 455–468.
Houlsby, G. T. (1991). How the dilatancy of soils affect their behaviour. Report No. OUEL-1888/91. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Engineering Laboratory.
Indraratna, B., Ngo, N. T., Rujikiatkamjorn, C., & Vinod, J. S. (2014). Behavior of fresh and fouled railway ballast subjected to direct shear testing: Discrete element simulation. International Journal of Geomechanics, 14(1), 34–44.
Itasca. (2005). FLAC3D 5.00 user’s manual. Minneapolis, USA: Itasca Consulting Group Inc.
Jewell, R. A. (1989). Direct shear tests on sand. Géotechnique, 39(2), 309–322.
Jewell, R. A., & Wroth, C. P. (1987). Direct shear tests on reinforced sand. Géotechnique, 37(1), 53–68.
Lings, M. L., & Dietz, M. S. (2004). An improved direct shear apparatus for sand. Géotechnique, 54(4), 245–256.
Liu, H. S. (2006). Simulating a direct shear box test by DEM. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 43, 165–178.
Mohapatra, S. R., Rajagopal, K., & Sharma, J. S. (2014). Analysis of geotextile-reinforced stone columns subjected to lateral loading. In Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Geosynthetics, Berlin, Germany.
Mohapatra, S. R., Rajagopal, K., & Sharma, J. S. (2016). Large direct shear load test on geosynthetic encased granular columns. Geotextiles & Geomembranes, 44(3), 396–405.
Newland, P. L., & Allely, B. H. (1957). Volume changes in drained triaxial tests on granular materials. Géotechnique, 7(1), 17–34.
Ozer, C., & Arshiya, A. (2015). Dilatancy and friction angles based on in situ soil conditions. ASCE Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 141.
Potts, D. M., Dounias, G. T., & Vaughan, P. R. (1987). Géotechnique, 37(1), 1l–23.
Shibuya, S., Mitachi, T., & Tamate, S. (1997). Interpretation of direct shear box testing of sands as quasi-simple shear. Géotechnique, 47(4), 769–790.
Thronton, C., & Zhang, L. (2003). Numerical simulations of the direct shear test. Chemical Engineering & Technology, 26(2), 153–156.
Zhang, L., & Thornton, C. (2007). A numerical examination of the direct shear test. Géotechnique, 57(4), 343–354.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Mohapatra, S.R., Mishra, S.R., Nithin, S., Rajagopal, K., Sharma, J. (2019). Effect of Box Size on Dilative Behaviour of Sand in Direct Shear Test. In: Stalin, V., Muttharam, M. (eds) Geotechnical Characterisation and Geoenvironmental Engineering. Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering , vol 16. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0899-4_14
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0899-4_14
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-0898-7
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-0899-4
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)