Skip to main content

Involvement of the Young Person in Transition Planning

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the involvement of the young person in transition planning. A good transition plan is one that is person-focused and includes personal development in academic skills, social and emotional skills, employment skills, and other related areas. A synthesis of current research on the involvement of incarcerated youth in transition planning and person-focused and personal development strategies to promote positive transition outcomes are outlined. While the strategies and information presented in this chapter are relevant to all young people in a variety of transitions, the focus is primarily on transition from incarceration to school, as many incarcerated young people are of mandatory school age during their period of incarceration. The education and transition planning they receive “behind the fence”, as well as when they return to the community, is important in enhancing positive life outcomes through skill development and self-determination.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  • Alberta Children and Youth Initiative. (2008). Transition planning protocol for youth with disabilities: Your guide to reaching new heights. Retrieved from http://www.erlc.ca/documents/.

  • Algozzine, B., Browder, D., Karvonen, M., Test, D. W., & Wood, W. M. (2001). Effects of interventions to promote self-determination for individuals with disabilities. Review of Educational Research, 71(2), 219–277

    Google Scholar 

  • Arizona Department of Education. (n.d.). Merging two worlds. Retrieved from: http://www.azed.gov/specialeducation/merging-two-worlds/.

  • Benz, M. R., Lindstrom, L., & Yovanoff, P. (2000). Improving graduation and employment outcomes of students with disabilities: Predictive factors and student perspectives. Exceptional Children, 66(4), 509–529.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • British Columbia Ministry of Children and Family Development. (n.d.). Transition planning for youth with special needs: A community support guide. Retrieved from http://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/family-and-social-supports/support_guide.pdf.

  • Bullis, M., Yovanoff, P., & Havel, E. (2004). The importance of getting started right: Further examination of the facility-to-community transition of formerly incarcerated youth. Journal of Special Education, 38, 80–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carter, E. W., Lane, K. L., Pierson, M. R., & Glaeser, B. (2006). Self-determination skills and opportunities of transition-age youth with emotional disturbance and learning disabilities. Exceptional Children, 72(3), 333–346.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carter, E. W., & Lunsford, L. B. (2005). Meaningful work: Improving employment outcomes for transition-age youth with emotional and behavioral disorders. Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth, 49(2), 63–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carter, E. W., Trainor, A. A., Ditchman, N., & Owens, L. (2011). A pilot study connecting youth with emotional or behavioral difficulties to summer work experiences. Career Development for Exceptional Individuals, 34(2), 95–106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carter, E. W., Trainor, A., Owens, L., Sweden, B., & Sun, Y. (2010). Self-determination prospects of youth with high-incidence disabilities: Divergent perspectives and related factors. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 18(2), 67–81.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carter, E. W., & Wehby, J. H. (2003). Job performance of transition-age youth with emotional and behavioral disorders. Exceptional Children, 69(4), 449–465.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheney, D., Hagner, D., Malloy, J., Cormier, G. M., & Bernstein, S. (1998). Transition services for youth and young adults with emotional disturbance: Description and initial results of project RENEW. Career Development for Exceptional Individuals, 21(1), 17–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Child, Youth, and Family Enhancement Act, Chapter C-12, Alberta (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cobb, B., Lehmann, J., Newman-Gonchar, R., & Alwell, M. (2009). Self-determination for students with disabilities a narrative metasynthesis. Career Development for Exceptional Individuals, 32(2), 108–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Corrigan, E. (2014). Person centred planning ‘in action’: Exploring the use of person centred planning in supporting young people’s transition and re-integration to mainstream education. British Journal of Special Education, 41(3), 268–288.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Council of State Governments Justice Center. (2014). Measuring and using juvenile recidivism data to inform policy, practice, and resource allocation. New York: Council of State Governments Justice Center.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crawford, C. (2012). Youth with disabilities in transition from school to work or postsecondary education and training: A review of the literature in the United States and United Kingdom. Toronto, Canada: Institute for Research and Development on Inclusion and Society (IRIS).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cumming, T. M., & Strnadová, I. (2017). Transitioning back to mainstream education: The flexible integration model. Australasian Journal of Special Education, 41, 51–67.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Department for Children, Schools and Families. (2008). Aiming high for disabled children: Transforming services for disabled children and their families. Nottingham, England: Crown. Retrieved from: www.everychildmatters.gov.uk/ahdc.

  • Department for Education. (2015). Special education need and disability code of practice: 0–25 years—Statutory guidance for organisations which work with and support children and young people who have special education needs or disabilities. London, England: Crown. Retrieved from www.gov.uk/government/publications/send-code-of-practice-0-to-25.

  • Department of Health. (2010). Person centred planning: Advice for using person centred thinking, planning and reviews in school and transition. London, England: Crown. Retrieved from: www.dh.gov.uk/publications.

  • Echternacht, J., & Johnson, D. R. (2017). Coming home: Profiles of three federally funded juvenile re-entry projects. Impact: Feature issue on the justice system and people with intellectual, developmental, and other disabilities, 30(1), 37–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Education Act, United Kingdom. (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  • Every Student Succeeds Act of 2015, USA. Pub. L. No. 114-95 § 114, Stat. 1177 (2015–2016).

    Google Scholar 

  • Family Support for Children with Disabilities Act of 2003. (Alberta). Chapter F-5.3. Alberta Queen’s Printer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Field, S., Sarver, M. D., & Shaw, S. F. (2003). Self-determination a key to success in postsecondary education for students with learning disabilities. Remedial and Special Education, 24(6), 339–349.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forest, M., Pearpoint, J., & O’Brien, J. (1996). ‘MAPS’ Educators, parents, young people and their friends planning together. Educational Psychology in Practice, 11(4), 35–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fowler, C. H., Konrad, M., Walker, A. R., Test, D. W., & Wood, W. M. (2007). Self-determination interventions’ effects on the academic performance of students with developmental disabilities. Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities, 42(3), 270–285.

    Google Scholar 

  • Getzel, E. E., & Thoma, C. A. (2008). Experiences of college students with disabilities and the importance of self-determination in higher education settings. Career Development for Exceptional Individuals, 31(2), 77–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gonsoulin, S., Darwin, M. J., & Read, N. W. (2012). Providing individually tailored academic and behavioral support services for youth in the juvenile justice and child welfare systems. Washington, DC: National Evaluation and Technical Assistance Center for Children and Youth Who Are Neglected, Delinquent, or At-Risk (NDTAC).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonsoulin, S., Griller Clark, H., & Rankin, V. E. (2015). Quality education services are critical for youth involved with the juvenile justice and child welfare systems. Washington, DC: National Evaluation and Technical Assistance Center for Children and Youth Who Are Neglected, Delinquent, or At-Risk (NDTAC).

    Google Scholar 

  • Griller Clark, H. (2006). Educational needs of youth in the juvenile justice system. Title I, Part D Training Session. Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griller Clark, H., & Mathur, S. R. (2015). Merging two worlds: A tier two model to promote transition of youth from residential settings to the community. Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, 32(4), 280–298. https://doi.org/10.1080/0886571X.2015.1113456.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Griller Clark, H., Mathur, S. R., & Helding, B. (2011). Transition services for juvenile detainees with disabilities: Findings on recidivism. Education and Treatment of Children, 34, 511–529.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Griller Clark, H., Mathur, S. R., Brock, L., O’Cummings, M., & Milligan, D. (2016). Transition toolkit 3.0: Meeting the educational needs of youth exposed to the juvenile justice system. Washington, DC: National Evaluation and Technical Assistance Center for the Education of Children and Youth Who Are Neglected, Delinquent, or At Risk (NDTAC).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagner, D., Malloy, J. M., Mazzone, M. W., & Cormier, G. M. (2008). Youth with disabilities in the criminal justice system: Considerations for transition and rehabilitation planning. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 16(4), 240–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hock, M. F., Schumaker, J. B., & Deshler, D. D. (2003). Possible selves: Nurturing student motivation. Edge Enterprises.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hosp, M. K., Griller Clark, H., & Rutherford, R. B., Jr. (2001). Incarcerated youth with disabilities: Their knowledge of transition plans. Journal of Correctional Education, 52(3), 126–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Houchins, D. E. (2002). Self-determination knowledge instruction and incarcerated students. Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties, 7(3), 132–151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, USA. Pub. L. No. 101-476, 20 U.S.C. § 1400 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohler, P. D., Gothberg, J. E., Fowler, C., & Coyle, J. (2016). Taxonomy for transition programming 2.0: A model for planning, organizing, and evaluating transition education, services, and programs. Western Michigan University. Available at www.transitionta.org.

  • Konrad, M., Fowler, C. H., Walker, A. R., Test, D. W., & Wood, W. M. (2007). Effects of self-determination interventions on the academic skills of students with learning disabilities. Learning Disability Quarterly, 30(2), 89–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lachapelle, Y., Wehmeyer, M. L., Haelewyck, M. C., Courbois, Y., Keith, K. D., Schalock, R., … & Walsh, P. N. (2005). The relationship between quality of life and self‐determination: an international study. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49(10), 740–744.

    Google Scholar 

  • Landmark, L. J., & Zhang, D. (2013). Compliance and practices in transition planning: A review of individualized education program documents. Remedial and Special Education, 34, 113–125. https://doi.org/10.1177/0741932511431831.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, S. H., Wehmeyer, M. L., Soukup, J. H., & Palmer, S. B. (2010). Impact of curriculum modifications on access to the general education curriculum for students with disabilities. Exceptional Children, 76(2), 213–233.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Madaus, J. W., Grigal, M., & Hughes, C. (2014). Promoting access to postsecondary education for low-income students with disabilities. Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals, 37(1), 50–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin, J. E., & Marshall, L. H. (1996). Infusing self-determination instruction into the IEP and transition process. In D. J. Sands & M. L. Wehmeyer (Eds.), Self-determination across the lifespan: Independence and choice for people with disabilities (pp. 215–236). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, J. E., Marshall, L. H., Maxson, L. L., & Jerman, P. (1996). The self-directed IEP. Longmont, CO: Sopris West.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, J. E., Van Dycke, J. L., Christensen, W. R., Greene, B. A., Gardner, J. E., & Lovett, D. L. (2006). Increasing student participation in IEP meetings: Establishing the self-directed IEP as an evidence-based practice. Exceptional Children, 72, 299–316.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martorell, A., Gutierrez-Recacha, P., Pereda, A., & Ayuso-Mateos, J. L. (2008). Identification of personal factors that determine work outcome for adults with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 52(12), 1091–1101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mathur, S. R., & Griller Clark, H. (2014). Community engagement for reentry success of youth from Juvenile Justice: Challenges and opportunities. Education and Treatment of Children, 37(4), 713–734.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mathur, S. R., Griller Clark, H., Hartzell, R. I., LaCroix, L. & McTier, T. (in review). What young offenders say about reentry: Listening to youth voice. Manuscript submitted for publication.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDaniel, S. (2015). A self-determination intervention for youth placed in a short-term juvenile detention facility. The Journal of Correctional Education, 66(3), 5–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Merging Two Worlds. (2017). M2W overview. Retrieved from http://merging2worlds.education.asu.edu/.

  • National Collaborative on Workforce and Disability. (2015). Youth involved in the juvenile corrections system. Retrieved from http://www.ncwd-youth.info/youth-in-juvenile-corrections.

  • No Child Left Behind Act of 2002, USA. Pub. L. No. 107-110, 20 U.S.C. § 6319 (2002).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nota, L., Ferrari, L., Soresi, S., & Wehmeyer, M. (2007). Self-determination, social abilities and the quality of life of people with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 51(11), 850–865.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Office for Standards in Education, Children’s Services and Skills (2010). The special educational needs and disability review: A statement is not enough. London, England: Crown. Retrieved from http://dera.ioe.ac.uk.

  • O’Neill, S. C., Strnadová, I., & Cumming, T. M. (2016). Evidence-based transition planning practices for secondary students with disabilities: What has Australia signed up for? Australasian Journal of Special Education, 40, 39–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parnell, K., & Peterson, R., (2013). Project RENEW. Program description. Lincoln, NE: Student Engagement Project, University of Nebraska-Lincoln and the Nebraska Department of Education. Retrieved from http://k12engagement.unl.edu/project-renew.

  • Pearpoint, J., O’Brien, J., & Forest, M. (1993). PATH, a workbook for planning positive possible futures: Planning alternative tomorrows with hope for schools, organisations, businesses, families. Toronto, Canada: Inclusion Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Powers, K. M., Gil-Kashiwabara, E., Geenen, S. J., Powers, L. E., Balandran, J., & Palmer, C. (2005). Mandates and effective transition planning practices reflected in IEP documents. Career Development for Exceptional Individuals, 28, 47–59. https://doi.org/10.1177/08857288050280010701.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Powers, L. E., Geenen, S., Powers, J., Pommier-Satya, S., Turner, A., Dalton, L. D., et al. (2012). My life: Effects of a longitudinal, randomized study of self-determination enhancement on the transition outcomes of youth in foster care and special education. Children and Youth Services Review, 34(11), 2179–2187.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Powers, L. E., Sowers, J., Turner, A., Nesbitt, M., Knowles, E., & Ellison, R. (1996). Take charge: A model for promoting self-determination among adolescents with challenges. In L. E. Powers, G. H. S. Singer, & J. Sowers (Eds.), On the road to autonomy: Promoting self-competence for children and youth with disabilities (pp. 291–322). Baltimore: Paul H. Brookes.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rehabilitation Act of 1973, USA. Pub. L. No. 93-12, 87 Stat. 335.

    Google Scholar 

  • School-to-Work Opportunities Act, USA. H. R. 2884, 103d Cong. (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  • Seong, Y., Wehmeyer, M. L., Palmer, S. B., & Little, T. D. (2015). Effects of the self-directed individualized education program on self-determination and transition of adolescents with disabilities. Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals, 38(3), 132–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shogren, K. A., Wehmeyer, M. L., Palmer, S. B., Rifenbark, G. G., & Little, T. D. (2015). Relationships between self-determination and postschool outcomes for youth with disabilities. The Journal of Special Education, 48(4), 256–267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sinclair, M. F., Christenson, S. L., Lehr, C. A., & Anderson, A. R. (2003). Facilitating student engagement: Lessons learned from Check & Connect longitudinal studies. The California School Psychologist, 8, 29–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Special Educational Needs and Disability Act, United Kingdom. (2001).

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor-Brown, M. (2012). How did young people identified as presenting with social, emotional and behavioural difficulties experience a person-centred transition review meeting? Educational and Child Psychology, 29(3), 54–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Test, D. W., Fowler, C. H., Richter, S., White, J. A., Mazzotti, V. L., Walker, A. R., et al. (2009a). Evidence-based practices in secondary transition. Career Development for Exceptional Individuals, 32, 115–128.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Test, D. W., Karvonen, M., Wood, W. M., Browder, D., & Algozzine, B. (2000). Choosing a self-determination curriculum plan for the future. Teaching Exceptional Children, 33(2), 48–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Test, D. W., Mazzotti, V. L., Mustian, A. L., Fowler, C. H., Kortering, L., & Kohler, P. (2009b). Evidence-based secondary transition predictors for improving postschool outcomes for students with disabilities. Career Development for Exceptional Individuals, 32, 160–181. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885728809346960.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • The Federal Partners in Transition Workgroup. (2015). The 2020 federal youth transition plan: A federal interagency strategy. Retrieved from https://www.dol.gov/odep/pdf/20150302-fpt.pdf.

  • Trainor, A. A., Morningstar, M. E., & Murray, A. (2016). Characteristics of transition planning and services for students with high-incidence disabilities. Learning Disability Quarterly, 39(2), 113–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Unruh, D. K., Gau, J. M., & Waintrup, M. G. (2009). An exploration of factors reducing recidivism rates of formerly incarcerated youth with disabilities participating in a re-entry intervention. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 18(3), 284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Unruh, D., Waintrup, M., & Canter, T. (2010). Project STAY OUT: A facility-to-community transition intervention targeting incarcerated adolescent offenders. In D. Cheney (Ed.), Transition of secondary students with emotional or behavioral disorders (pp. 347–374). Champaign, IL: Research Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Department of Education & U.S. Department of Justice. (2014). Guiding principles for providing high-quality education in juvenile justice secure care settings. Washington, DC: Authors. Retrieved from http://www2.ed.gov/policy/gen/guid/correctional-education/guiding-principles.pdf.

  • Van Reusen, A. K., Bos, C. S., Schumaker, J. B., & Deshler, D. D. (2007). The self-advocacy strategy, revised. Lawrence, KS: Edge Enterprises.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Reusen, A. K., Deshler, D. D., & Schumaker, J. B. (1989). Effects of a student participation strategy in facilitating the involvement of adolescents with learning disabilities in the individualized educational program planning process. Learning Disabilities, 1(2), 23–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waintrup, M. G., & Unruh, D. K. (2008). Career development programming strategies for transitioning incarcerated adolescents to the world of work. Journal of Correctional Education, 59(2), 127–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wehmeyer, M. L. (1992). Self-determination and the education of students with mental retardation. Education and Training in Mental Retardation, 27, 302–314.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wehmeyer, M. L., Abery, B. H., Mithaug, D. E., & Stancliffe, R. J. (2003). Theory in self-determination: Foundations for educational practice. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas Publisher.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wehmeyer, M. L., Agran, M., Hughes, C., Martin, J., Mithaug, D. E., & Palmer, S. (2007). Promoting self-determination in students with intellectual and developmental disabilities. New York, NY: Guilford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wehmeyer, M. L., Kelchner, K., & Richards, S. (1996). Essential characteristics of self-determined behavior in individuals with mental retardation. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 100(6), 632–642.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wehmeyer, M., Lawrence, M., Garner, N., Soukup, N., & Palmer, S. (2004). Whose Future is it Anyway? A student-directed transition planning process. Retrieved from http://www.ou.edu/content/education/centers-andpartnerships/zarrow/self-determination-education-materials/whos-future-is-itanyway.html.

  • Wehmeyer, M. L., & Palmer, S. B. (2003). Adult outcomes for students with cognitive disabilities three-years after high school: The impact of self-determination. Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities, 38(2), 131–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wehmeyer, M. L., Palmer, S. B., Shogren, K., Williams-Diehm, K., & Soukup, J. H. (2013). Establishing a causal relationship between intervention to promote self-determination and enhanced student self-determination. The Journal of Special Education, 46(4), 195–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wehmeyer, M., & Schwartz, M. (1997). Self-determination and positive adult outcomes: A follow-up study of youth with mental retardation or learning disabilities. Exceptional Children, 63(2), 245–255.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wehmeyer, M. L., & Schwartz, M. (1998). The relationship between self-determination and quality of life for adults with mental retardation. Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, 33, 3–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood, W. M., Karvonen, M., Test, D. W., Browder, D., & Algozzine, B. (2004). Promoting student self-determination skills in IEP planning. Teaching Exceptional Children, 36(3), 8–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zaff, J. F., Ginsberg, K. K., Boyd, M. J., & Kakli, Z. (2014). Reconnecting disconnected youth: Examining the development of productive engagement. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 24(3), 526–540.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, D. (2001). The effect of Next STEP instruction on the self-determination skills of high school students with learning disabilities. Career Development for Exceptional Individuals, 24(2), 121–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Heather Griller Clark .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Griller Clark, H. (2018). Involvement of the Young Person in Transition Planning. In: O’Neill, S. (eds) Incarcerated Youth Transitioning Back to the Community. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0752-2_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0752-2_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-13-0751-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-13-0752-2

  • eBook Packages: Law and CriminologyLaw and Criminology (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics