Abstract
In the last decades, graphic story-telling has been recognized as an important genre of world literature, according to Monika Schmitz-Emans. The graphic novel as a format of adapting literary works attracts considerable attention. Referring to several examples, Schmitz-Emans gives an outline of the development of graphic adaptations of world literature as a genre, discussing different types, strategies of adaptation and drawing styles. While the graphic novel can compete with the traditional literary work thanks to its specific art, it can challenge above and beyond—by way of parody and deconstruction—even canonized masterpieces, and transcends in this way the gap between mass culture and high-brow culture.
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Notes
- 1.
From Comic Strips to Graphic Novels. Contributions to the Theory and History of Graphic Narrative, ed. by Daniel Stein and Jan-Noël Thon, Berlin/Boston: de Gruyter, 2013.
- 2.
Ole Frahm, Die Sprache des Comics, Hamburg: Philo Fine Arts, 2010.
- 3.
Patrick McDonell, Karen O’Connell and Georgia Riley de Havenon, Krazy Kat: The Comic Art of George Herriman, New York: Harry N Abrams, 1986.
- 4.
Stéphane Heuet, Marcel Proust/A la recherche du temps perdu, Combray: French and European Publications Inc., 1998. – À l’ombre des jeunes filles en fleurs – première partie, Paris: Delcourt, 2000. – À l’ombre des jeunes filles en fleurs – seconde partie, Paris: Delcourt, 2002. – Un amour de Swann – première partie, Paris: Delcourt, 2006. – Un amour de Swann – seconde partie, Paris: Delcourt, 2008. – Noms de pays: Le nom, Paris: Delcourt, 2013.
- 5.
David Vandermeulen, Littérature pour tous, Montpellier: Six Pieds Sous Terre, 2002, 2004.
- 6.
E.T.A. Hoffmann, Das Fräulein von Scuderi, Eine Graphic Novel von Alexandra Kardinar und Volker Schlecht, Frankfurt: Edition Büchergilde, 2011.
- 7.
E.T.A. Hoffmann, Der Sandmann, Das öde Haus, gezeichnet von Dino Battaglia, in: Altamira Literaturcomic (1990), Lanham: AltaMira. Cf. also Michel Jans, Mariadelaide Cuozzo, Pierre-Yves Lador, Pierre Péju, Hugo Pratt, Sergio Toppi, Battaglia. Une Monographie, St. Egrève: Mosquito, 2006.
- 8.
Comic artist: L. Wawszczyk, Moga Mobo 103.
- 9.
Introducing Kafka, A Kafka comic by David Zane Mairowitz (text) and Robert Crumb (drawings), Cambridge: Totem Books, 1993.
- 10.
Franz Kafka, L’Amérique, Frontignan/France: Six Pieds Sous Terre; Vol. 1: Une villa aux environs de New-York (2006), Vol. 2: Sur la route de Ramsès (2007), Vol. 3: Le théâtre de la nature de’Oklahoma (2008).
- 11.
Franz Kafka, The Trial. A Graphic Novel, illustrated by Chantal Montellier, adapted and translated by David Zane Mairowitz, London: Sterling, 2008.
- 12.
Vol. 1: L’Origine (1990), Vol. 2: La Qu.. (1991), Vol. 3: Le Processus (1993), Vol. 4: Le Début de la fin (1995), Vol. 5: La 2,333e Dimension (2004), Vol. 6: Le Décalage (2013).
- 13.
Osamu Tezuka, L’Ara aux sept couleurs / Nanairo Inko. Le meilleur d’ Osamu Tezuka, French version, Tome 1/2/3/4/5, Paris: Clélia Delaplace, 2004.
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Schmitz-Emans, M. (2018). World Literature in Graphic Novels and Graphic Novels as World Literature. In: Fang, W. (eds) Tensions in World Literature. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0635-8_10
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0635-8_10
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