Abstract
Gnidia glauca (Fresen.) Gilg. belongs to Thymelaeaceae family and has been found to possess a variety of traditional phytomedicinal and agrochemical applications. The leaves of G. glauca are a rich source of phytochemicals like alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, saponins, terpenoids, and steroids. Among these phytochemicals, saponins were extracted into 80% methanol. G. glauca leaf saponin fraction isolate has been subjected for qualitative analysis by hemolytic assay and quantitative analysis by conventional chromatography like TLC and spectroscopy methods. Results confirm that G. glauca leaf saponin fraction isolate contains triterpenoid saponins. Further characterization has been carried out by RP-HPLC, LC/MS-ESI, and FTIR. Results suggest that G. glauca leaf saponin fraction contains triterpenoid saponins that belong to basic skeletons of oleanane and ursane types of triterpenoid saponins. The investigations provided in the present chapter provide a comprehensive account of knowledge regarding phytochemical analysis of saponins present in G. glauca leaves.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Almutairi, M. S., & Ali, M. (2015). Direct detection of saponins in crude extracts of soapnuts by FTIR. Natural Product Research, 29(13), 1271–1275.
Amarajeewa, B. W. R. C., Mudalige, A. P., & Kumar, V. (2007). Chemistry and mosquito larvicidal activity of Gnidia glauca. Proceedings of the Peradeniya university Research sessions, November 2007. Section 2 in Faculty of Science and Postgraduate Institute of Biological Science, Vol 12(1), PURSE, Sri Lanka, pp. 101–102.
Ashvin, G. G., Rahul, S. P., & Rajaram, S. S. (2015). Gnidia Glauca (Fresen) Gilg.: Phytochemical and antibacterial view. International Journal of Recent Scientific Research, 6(6), 4854–4857.
Borris, R. P., & Cordell, G. A. (1984). Studies of the thymelaeaceae II. Anti-neoplastic principles of Gnidia kraussiana. Journal of Natural Products, 47, 270–278.
Bruneton, J. (2012). Principles of herbal pharmacology. In K. Bone & S. Mills (Eds.), Principles and practice of phytotherapy: Modern herbal medicine (2nd ed., pp. 45–82). Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier.
Da Silva, B. P., de Sousa, A. C., Silva, G. M., Mendes, T. P., & Parente, J. P. (2002). A new bioactive steroidal saponin from Agave attenuata. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung, 57c, 423–428.
Edeoga, H. O., Okwu, D. E., & Mbaeble, B. O. (2005). Phytochemical constituents of some Nigerian medicinal plants. African Journal of Biotechnology, 4, 685–688.
Franke, K., Porzel, A., & Schmidt, J. (2002). Flavone-coumarin hybrids from G. socotrana. Phytochemistry, 61, 873–878.
Ghosh, S., Derle, A., Ahire, M., More, P., & Jagtap, S. (2013). Phytochemical analysis and free radical scavenging activity of medicinal plants Gnidia glauca and Dioscorea bulbifera. PLoS One, 8(12), e82529.
Harborne, J. B. (1984). Phytochemical methods (2nd ed.p. 288). London: Springer/Chapman and Hall.
Hiai, S., Oura, H., & Nakajima, T. (1976). Color reaction of some saposenins with vanillin and sulfuric acid. Planta Medica, 29, 116–122.
Javaregowda, K., & Naik, L. K. (2007). Ovicidal properties of plant extracts against the eggs of teak defoliator, hyblaea puera Cramer. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 20, 291–293.
Kareru, P. G., Kenji, G. M., Gachanja, A. N., Keriko, J. M., & Mungai, G. (2005). Traditional medicines among the Embu and Mbeere peoples of Kenya. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 4, 75–86.
Mohamed, R., Franqoise, F., Abdelkader, C., & Max, H. (2004). Purification and characterization of the haemolytic saponins of Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke native to Morocco. Acta Botanica Gallica, 151, 173–180.
Nyiredy, S., Erdelmeier, C. A. J., Meier, B., & Sticher, O. (1985). The “PRISMA” mobile phase optimization model in thin layer chromatography – separation of natural compounds. Planta Medica, 51(3), 241–246.
Parixit, B., Rajarajeshwari, N., Ganapaty, S., & Santosh, P. (2013). The Gnidia genus: A review. Asian Journal of Biomedical Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3(19), 1–31.
Silverstein, M. R., Webster, X. F., & Kiemle, J. D. (2005). Spectrometric identification of organic compound. In Infrared spectroscopy (7th ed., pp. 72–126). New York: Wiley.
Sonam, P. (2015). Preliminary phytochemical screening and in vitro antibacterial activity of Bauhinia variegata Linn. Against human pathogens. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 5, 123–129.
Sotheeswaran, S. (1988). Screening for saponins using the blood hemolysis test: An undergraduate laboratory experiment. Journal of Chemical Education, 65, 161–162.
Syed, J., Dileep, N., Rakesh, K. N., Pavithra, G. M., Vinayaka, K. S., & PrashithKekuda, T. R. (2013). Anticariogenic activity of Gnidia glauca (Fresen.) Gilg, Pothosscandens L. and Elaegnuskologa Schlecht. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 3(03), 020–023.
Teklehaymanot, T., & Giday, M. (2007). Ethnobotanical studies of medicinal plants used by people in Zege peninsula, North-Western Ethiopia. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, 3, 12.
Toshiyuki, M., Kazuhiro, H., & Masayuki, Y. (2001). Medicinal foodstuffs: XXIII structures of new oleanane-type triterpene oligoglycosides, basellasaponins A, B, C, and D, from the fresh aerial parts of Basella rubra L. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin (Tokyo), 49, 776–779.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sannabommaji, T. et al. (2018). Phytochemical Analysis with Special Reference to Leaf Saponins in Gnidia glauca (Fresen.) Gilg.. In: Kumar, N. (eds) Biotechnological Approaches for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0535-1_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0535-1_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-0534-4
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-0535-1
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)