Abstract
Although Baron Manfred von Ardenne (ZPhys 109:553–572, 1938a, Z Tech Phys 19:407–416, 1938b) developed the first scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) in 1938, placing the image lens before the specimen instead of after the specimen as in the Ruska TEM design, it is just a sound idea in principle: he did not use a field emission source such that the 10 nm resolution images he achieved were too noisy.
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Ge, B. (2018). Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM). In: Wang, R., Wang, C., Zhang, H., Tao, J., Bai, X. (eds) Progress in Nanoscale Characterization and Manipulation. Springer Tracts in Modern Physics, vol 272. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0454-5_4
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