Abstract
Conogethes sahyadriensis (Shashank PR, Kammar V, Mally R, Chakravarthy AK, Zootaxa 4374(2):215–234, 2018) is a serious insect pest of zingiberaceous spice crops such as cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton), ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). On ginger and cardamom the borer incurs up to 25% and 80% yield losses, respectively. On cardamom the economic threshold level is fixed at 10% shoot infestation. The fecundity of female moths and the duration for completing the generations varied with the season, the spice crop and the habitat. C. sahyadriensis infesting spice crops in South India has alternate wild Zingiberaceae plants, viz. species of Alpinia, Amomum, Hedychium, Curcuma, Aframomum, etc. Over a dozen, promising parasitoids and predators have been recorded on Conogethes larvae and pupae. Therefore, need-based applications of selective insecticides are warranted. Use of semiochemicals for borer management should be rendered practicable.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ali MAA, Manoharan T, Kuttalam S (2014) First report of larval parasitoids on small cardamom shoot, capsule and panicle borer, Conogethes punctiferalis Guenee (Lepidoptera; Crambidae) under lab and field conditions. Trends Biosci 7:3771–3773
All India Coordinated Research Project on Spices (1998) Annual report 1997–98. Indian Institute of Spices Research, Calicut
All India Coordinated Research Project on Spices (2007) Annual report 2005–06. Indian Institute of Spices Research, Calicut
Boo KS (1998) Variation in sex pheromone composition of a few selected lepidopteran species. J Asia Pac Entomol 1:17–23
Chakravarthy AK, Thyagaraj NE (1997) Response of the cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton) shoot and fruit borer (Conogethes punctiferalis Guenee; Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to different pheromone compounds. Insect Environ 2:127–128
Chakravarthy AK, Thyagaraj NE (1998) Evaluation of selected synthetic sex pheromones of the cardamom shoot and fruit borer, Conogethes punctiferalis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Karnataka. Pest Manage Hortic Ecosyst 4:78–82
Chakravarthy AK, Thyagaraj NE (1999) Effect of different levels of NPK on shoot-and-fruit borer, Conogethes punctiferalis Guenee (Pyralidae: Lepidoptera) infestation on small cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton). Insect Environ 4:139–140
Devasahayam S (2000) Evaluation of biopesticides for the management of shoot borer (Conogethes punctiferalis Guen.) on ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.). In: Ramana KV, Eapen SJ, Babu KN, Krishnamurthy KS, Kumar A (eds) Spices and aromatic plants: challenges and opportunities in the new century. Indian Society for Spices, Calicut, pp 276–277
Devasahayam S (2002) Evaluation of biopesticides for the management of shoot borer (Conogethes punctiferalis Guen.) on turmeric. In: Rethinam P, Khan HH, Reddy VM, Mandal PK, Suresh K (eds) Plantation crops research and development in the new millennium. Coconut Development Board, Kochi, pp 489–490
Devasahayam S, Koya KMA (1996) Biological control of insect pests. In: Anandaraj M, Peter KV (eds) Biological control in spices. Indian Institute of Spices Research, Calicut, pp 33–45
Devasahayam S, Koya KMA (1999) Integrated management of insect pests of spices. Indian J Arecanut Spices Med Plant 1:19–23
Devasahayam S, Koya KMA (2004) Insect pests of ginger. In: Ravindran PN, Babu KN (eds) Ginger. The genus Zingiber. CRC Press, Washington, DC, pp 367–389
Devasahayam S, Koya KMA (2007) Insect pests of turmeric. In: Ravindran PN, Babu KN, Sivaraman K (eds) Turmeric. The genus Curcuma. CRC Press, Boca Raton, pp 169–192
Devasahayam S, Koya KMA, Zachariah TJ, Jacob TK (2005) Biological control of insect pests of spices. In: Final report of research project. Indian Institute of Spices Research, Calicut
Devasahayam S, Jacob TK, Koya KMA (2010a) Bio-ecology and integrated management of shoot borer (Conogethes punctiferalis Guen.) infesting turmeric. Final report of research project. Indian Institute of Spices Research, Calicut
Devasahayam S, Jacob TK, Koya KMA, Sasikumar B (2010b) Screening of ginger (Zingiber officinale) germplasm for resistance to shoot borer (Conogethes punctiferalis). J Med Aromat Plant Sci 32:137–138
Devasahayam S, Jacob TK, Koya KMA, Sasikumar B, Prasath D (2011) Screening of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) germplasm for resistance to shoot borer (Conogethes punctiferalis Guen.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), in Kerala, South India. Entomon 36:59–62
Dharmadasa M (2000) Management of insect pests of export agricultural crops. Department of Export Agriculture, Matale
Dharmadasa M, Ranasinghe MASK (1987) Severity of cardamom stem and capsule borer attack in Sri Lanka. In: Proceedings, 43rd annual session, Sri Lanka Association for the Advancement of Science, Colombo, p 157
Doddabasappa B, Chakravarthy AK, Thyagaraj NE (2014) Comparative biology of shoot and capsule borer, Conogethes punctiferalis (Guenee), (Crambidae: Lepidoptera) on castor and cardamom. Curr Biotica 8:228–245
Dubey OP, Rajan P (1985) Biology and bionomics of insect pests of cardamom. In: Annual report 1983. Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, pp 201–204
Gautam J, Acharya B (2014) Survey and monitoring of insect pest and disease of ginger in Nepal. Nepalese J Agric Sci 12:118–123
Hampson GF (1856) Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Moths. Taylor and Francis, London
Honda H (1986a) EAG responses of the fruit- and Pinaceae-feeding type of yellow peach moth, Conogethes punctiferalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to monoterpene compounds. Appl Entomol Zool 21:399–404
Honda H (1986b) Post-mating reproductive isolation between fruit- and Pinaceae-feeding types of the yellow peach moth, Conogethes punctiferalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Appl Entomol Zool 21:489–491
Honda H, Matsumoto Y (1987) Larval feeding responses of the fruit- and Pinaceae-feeding type of the yellow peach moth, Conogethes punctiferalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to the host-plant extracts and their sugar components. Jpn J Appl Entomol Zool 31:28–35
Honda H, Mitsuhashi W (1989) Morphological and morphometrical differences between the fruit- and Pinaceae-feeding type of yellow peach moth, Conogethes punctiferalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Appl Entomol Zool 24:1–10
Indian Institute of Spices Research (2015) Cardamom – extension pamphlet. Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode
Jacob SA (1981) Biology of Dichocrocis punctiferalis Guen on turmeric. J Plant Crop 9:119–123
Jacob SA (1985) Biology and bionomics and insect pests of spices. In: Annual report for 1983. Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, pp 198–200
Josephrajkumar A, Backiyarani S, Murugan M (2002a) PV-1, a pseudostem borer tolerant cardamom variety. Insect Environ 7:155–156
Josephrajkumar A, Kurian PS, Backiyarani S, Murugan M (2002b) Evaluation of biorationals against thrips (Sciothrips cardamomi Ramk.) and shoot and capsule borer (Conogethes punctiferalis Guen.) in cardamom. J Spices Aromat Crop 11:132–134
Josephrajkumar A, Chakrabarty R, Thomas G (2005) Aprotinin induced modulation of digestive proteinases and growth suppression in cardamom shoot and capsule borer, Conogethes punctiferalis Guenée. Entomon 30:175–180
Josephrajkumar A, Chakrabarty R, Thomas G (2006) Midgut proteases of the cardamom shoot and capsule borer Conogethes punctiferalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and their interaction with aprotinin. Bull Entomol Res 96:91–98
Konno Y, Honda H, Matsumoto Y (1981) Mechanisms of reproductive isolation between the fruit-feeding and the Pinaceae-feeding types of the yellow peach moth, Dichocrocis punctiferalis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Jpn J Appl Entomol Zool 25:253–258
Kotikal YK, Kulkarni KA (2000) Incidence of insect pests of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) in northern Karnataka. India J Spices Aromat Crop 9:51–54
Kotikal YK, Kulkarni KA (2001) Reaction of selected turmeric genotypes to rhizome fly and shoot borer. Karnataka J Agric Sci 14:373–377
Koya KMA, Balakrishnan R, Devasahayam S, Banerjee SK (1986) A sequential sampling strategy for the control of shoot borer (Dichocrocis punctiferalis Guen.) in ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) in India. Trop Pest Manage 32:343–346
Koya KMA, Premkumar T, Gautam SSS (1988) Chemical control of shoot borer Dichocrocis punctiferalis Guen. on ginger Zingiber officinale Rosc. J Plant Crop 16:58–59
Krishnamurthy K, Khan MM, Aradhani KK, Venkatesh J, Siddaramaiah AL, Chakravarthy AK, Gurumurthy BR (1989) Three decades of cardamom research at Regional Research Station, Mudigere, Karnataka
Lalnuntluanga J, Singh HK (2008) Performance of certain chemicals and neem formulations against ginger shoot borer (Dichocrocis punctiferalis Guen.). Indian J Entomol 70:183–186
Mhonchumo NP, Singh HK (2010) Eco-friendly management of shoot borer and rhizome fly of ginger in Nagaland. In: Sema A, Srinivasan V, Shitri M (eds) Proceedings and recommendations, national symposium on spices and aromatic crops (SYMSAC-V), 30–31 October 2009, Medziphema, Central Institute of Horticulture, Medziphema, pp 117–123
Miniraj N, Murugan M, Joseph CR (2000) Evaluation of cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum Maton) germplasm. J Spices Aromat Crop 9:55–56
Nagarajan K, Varadarasan S (2011) Reduviid fauna associated with cardamom forest ecosystem. Insect Environ 17:124–126
Naik DJ, Belavadi VV, Thippesha D, Kumar MD, Madaiah D (2006) Field efficacy of neem products against thrips and capsule borer of small cardamom. Karnataka J Agric Sci 19:144–145
Nybe EV (ed) (2001) Three decades of spices research at KAU. Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara
Nybe EV, Nair PCS (1979) Field tolerance of ginger types to important pests and diseases. Indian Arecanut Spices Cocoa J 2:109–111
Pervez R, Eapen SJ, Devasahayam S, Jacob TK (2012) Efficacy of some entomopathogenic nematodes against insect pests of ginger and their multiplication. Nematol Mediterr 40:39–44
Pervez R, Eapen SJ, Devasahayam S, Jacob TK (2013) A new species of entomopathogenic nematode Oscheius gingeri sp. n. from ginger rhizosphere. Arch Phytopathol Plant Protect 46:526–535
Pervez R, Eapen SJ, Devasahayam S, Jacob TK (2014a) Natural occurrence of entomopathogenic nematodes associated with ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) ecosystem in India. Indian J Nematol 44:238–246
Pervez R, Devasahayam S, Eapen SJ (2014b) Determination of LD50 and LT50 of entomopathogenic nematodes against shoot borer (Conogethes punctiferalis guen.) infesting ginger. Ann Plant Prot Sci 22:169–173
Philip J, Nair PCS (1981) Field reaction of turmeric types to important pests and diseases. Indian Cocoa Arecanut Spices J 4:107−109
Rajabaskar D, Regupathy A (2012) Calling behavior and attractive response of cardamom shoot and capsule borer Conogethes punctiferalis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) to the female crude extract and synthetic blend. J Entomol 9:296–301
Rajabaskar D, Regupathy A (2013) Neem based IPM modules for control of Sciothrips cardamomi Ramk and Conogethes punctiferalis Gunee in small cardamom. Asian J Biol Sci 6:142–152
Rajan P (1983) Bionomics and control of Dichocrocis punctiferalis on cardamom. In: Annual report 1981. Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, pp 180–181
Rajan P (1984) Biology and bionomics of insect pests of spices. In: Annual report 1982. Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kasaragod, p 83
Robinson GS, Tuck KR, Shaffer M (1994) A field guide to the smaller moths of South-East Asia. Malaysian Nature Society, Kuala Lumpur
Senthil Kumar CM, Jacob TK, Devasahayam S (2017a) Consortium research project in network mode. In: Final report of research project. ICARIndian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode
Senthil Kumar CM, Jacob TK, Devasahayam S (2017b) Evaluation of insecticides and a natural product for their efficacy against shoot borer (Conogethes punctiferalis Guen.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) infesting ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.). J Spices Aromat Crop 26:91–94
Shashank PR, Chakravarthy AK, Chandrashekharaiah R, Bhanu KRM (2014a) Behavioural studies on shoot and fruit borer, Conogethes punctiferalis, Guenée, (Crambidae: Lepidoptera) host-associated populations reveal occurrence of cryptic species. Entomol Gen 35:103–115
Shashank PR, Chakravarthy AK, Raju BR, Bhanu KRM (2014b) DNA barcoding reveals the occurrence of cryptic species in host-associated population of Conogethes punctiferalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). Appl Entomol Zool 49:283–295
Shashank PR, Kammar V, Mally R, Chakravarthy AK (2018) A new Indian species of shoot and capsule borer of the genus Conogethes (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), feeding on cardamom. Zootaxa 4374(2):215–234
Sheila MK, Abraham CC, Nair PCS (1980) Incidence of shoot borer (Dichocrosis punctiferalis) Guen (Lepidoptera: Pyraustidae) on different types of turmeric. Indian Cocoa Arecanut Spices J 3:59–60
Shetty GR, Hanchinamani V, Venkatesha J (2015) Correlation coefficients and occurrence of pest and diseases in turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) cultivars under hill zone of Karnataka. Environ Ecol 33:1201–1204
Stanley J, Chandrasekaran S, Preetha G (2009) Conogethes punctiferalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) its biology and field parasitization. Indian J Agric Sci 79:906–909
Thyagaraj NE (2003) Integrated management of some important cardamom pests of hill region of Karnataka, South India. Ph D thesis, Dr BR Ambedkar University, Uttar Pradesh
Thyagaraj NE, Singh PK, Chakravarthy AK (2001) Sex determination of cardamom shoot and fruit borer, Conogethes punctiferalis (Guanee) pupae. Insect Environ 7:93
Varadarasan S (1995) Biological control of insect pests of cardamom. In: Ananthakrishnan TN (ed) Biological control of social forest and plantation crops insects. Oxford/IBH Publishing Company Private Limited, New Delhi, pp 109–119
Varadarasan S, Kumaresan D, Gopakumar B (1989) Bioecology and management of cardamom shoot/panicle/capsule borer, Conogethes punctiferalis. Guenee Spice India 2:15–17
Varadarasan S, Kumaresan D, Gopakumar B (1991) Dynamics of the life cycle of cardamom shoot borer, Conogethes punctiferalis Guen. J Plant Crop 18(Suppl):302–304
Velayudhan KC, Liji RS (2003) Preliminary screening of indigenous collections of turmeric against shoot borer (Conogethes punctiferalis Guen.) and scale insect (Aspidiella hartii Sign.). J Spices Aromat Crop 12:72–76
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Devasahayam, S., Senthil Kumar, C.M., Jacob, T.K. (2018). Status of Shoot and Fruit Borer, Conogethes sahyadriensis, on Spice Crops. In: Chakravarthy, A. (eds) The Black spotted, Yellow Borer, Conogethes punctiferalis Guenée and Allied Species. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0390-6_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0390-6_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-0389-0
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-0390-6
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)