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Thermophiles and Their Exploration for Thermostable Enzyme Production

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Extremophiles in Eurasian Ecosystems: Ecology, Diversity, and Applications

Part of the book series: Microorganisms for Sustainability ((MICRO,volume 8))

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Abstract

Currently no more than 1% of the total microbial species that exists in nature is known, the deal of known microorganisms in extremophilic niches being even much less. Thermophiles are a type of extremophiles which study is related to clarifying a number of fundamental issues such as origin of life and molecular mechanisms of thermostability, revealing the vast potential of their enzymes for biotechnological use. Microbial biodiversity in Eurasian hot springs is still badly known, and molecular analyses revealed a presence of significant part of unknown groups comparable with those of well-studied Yellowstone and Iceland springs. Intensive studies on ecology, physiology, and molecular biology of extremophiles provide valuable insight into the life processes at each level, as well as the potential for numerous industrial applications. Thermophilic molecules suggest many advantages in their exploration as biocatalysts; however known enzymes still are not able to satisfy evolving new needs and requirements of biotechnological processes, among which their stability under industrial conditions is of particular importance. Nowadays, different approaches are used to find the desired enzyme activities including direct screening in big microbial collections, metagenome screening, and shotgun sequencing, the last two based on analysis of the coding regions of the known enzymes. Direct screening confirms unambiguously the real existence and several functional characteristics of an enzyme activity. Metagenome is accepted as a huge reservoir of taxonomic and functional genes and therefore is seeing as a feasible possibility to introduce more and diverse enzymes with better performance meeting the global demand for new catalysts. The discovery of new microbial species as well as the sequencing of new genomes and metagenomes allows access to new enzymes with new application capabilities.

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  1. Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Nikoleta Boteva & Margarita Kambourova

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  1. Nikoleta Boteva
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  2. Margarita Kambourova
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Correspondence to Margarita Kambourova .

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  1. Faculty of Biology, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

    Dilfuza Egamberdieva

  2. Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

    Nils-Kåre Birkeland

  3. Faculty of Biology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia

    Hovik Panosyan

  4. School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China

    Wen-Jun Li

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Boteva, N., Kambourova, M. (2018). Thermophiles and Their Exploration for Thermostable Enzyme Production. In: Egamberdieva, D., Birkeland, NK., Panosyan, H., Li, WJ. (eds) Extremophiles in Eurasian Ecosystems: Ecology, Diversity, and Applications. Microorganisms for Sustainability, vol 8. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0329-6_6

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