Abstract
Conflicts are ubiquitous in cities. Contemporary urban conflicts have been noted for their radical discontent. In the city, many of these conflicts are also spatial in nature and can revolve around differences of interest, recognition, and values. Because these conflicts cannot fester indefinitely without doing permanent damage to civic solidarity, some kind of conflict resolution is required. However, how one elects to resolve a conflict is an ethical choice. And this specific choice also has its corresponding moral consequences. In this chapter, consensus building and the ethical compromise are discussed as plausible options for conflict resolution. For the former, the focus is on the roles and impacts of collaborative dialogues, and for the latter, emphasis is given to the distinction between the integrative and the distributive compromise.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Appiah, K. A. (2006). Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a world of strangers. New York: W. W. Norton.
Aragaki, H. N. (2009). Deliberative democracy as dispute resolution? Conflicts, interests and reasons. Ohio State Journal on Dispute Resolution, 24(3), 407–480.
Aristotle. (2005). Nicomachean ethics. New York: Barnes & Noble Books.
Axelrod, R. (1984). The evolution of cooperation. New York: Basic Books.
Baird-Remba, R. (2017, July 19). Community gardens fight against developers and the city for survival. Commercial Observer. Retrieved from https://commercialobserver.com/2017/07/nyc-community-gardens-fight-developers-for-survival/.
Benhabib, S. (1991). Afterword: Communicative ethics and current controversies in practical philosophy (pp. 330–369). Cambridge: MIT Press.
Benjamin, M. (1990). Splitting the difference: Compromise and integrity in ethics and politics. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.
Berlin, I. (2002). The power of ideas. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Berlin, I. (2003). Freedom and its betrayal: Six enemies of human liberty. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Besson, S. (2005). The morality of conflict: Reasonable agreement and the law. Oxford: Hart.
Boulding, K. E. (1963). Conflict and defense: A general theory. New York: Harper Torchbooks.
Boyle, M. R. (1992). The development-environment interface: Confrontation or compromise? Economic Development Review, 10(3), 3–4.
Carens, J. H. (1979). Compromise in politics. In J. R. Pennock & J. W. Chapman (Eds.), Compromise in ethics, law, and politics (pp. 123–141). New York: New York University Press.
Caro, T., Dobson, A., Marshall, A. J., & Peres, C. A. (2014). Compromise solutions between conservation and road building in the tropics. Current Biology, 24(16), R722–R725.
Chan, J. K. H., & Protzen, J. P. (2018). Between conflict and consensus: Searching for an ethical compromise in planning. Planning Theory, 17(2), 170–189.
Cohen, J. R. (2004). The ethics of respect in negotiation. In C. Menkel-Meadow & M. Wheeler (Eds.), What’s fair: Ethics for negotiators (pp. 257–263). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Dahrendorf, R. (2008). The modern social conflict: The politics of liberty. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers.
Fisher, R., Ury, W., & Patton, B. (1991). Getting to yes: Negotiating agreement without giving in (2nd ed.). New York: Penguin Press.
Flyvbjerg, B. (2002). Bringing power to planning research: One researcher’s praxis story. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 21(4), 353–366.
Flyvbjerg, B., & Richardson, T. (2002). Planning and Foucault: In search of the dark side of planning theory. In P. Allmendinger & M. Tewdwr-Jones (Eds.), Planning futures: New directions for planning theory (pp. 44–62). New York: Routledge.
Follett, M. P. (1973). Constructive conflict. In E. M. Fox & L. Urwick (Eds.), Dynamic administration: The collected papers of Mary Parker Follett (pp. 1–20). London: Pitman Publishing.
Forester, J. (1999). The deliberative practitioner: Encouraging participatory planning processes. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Golding, M. P. (1979). The nature of compromise: A preliminary inquiry. In J. R. Pennock & J. W. Chapman (Eds.), Compromise in ethics, law, and politics (pp. 3–25). New York: New York University Press.
Goodin, R. E. (1982). Political theory and public policy. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Goodin, R. E. (2012). On settling. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Gualini, E. (2015). Mediating Stuttgart 21: The struggle for reconstructing local democracy between agonistic and deliberative practices. In E. Gualini (Ed.), Planning and conflict: Critical perspectives on contentious urban developments (pp. 185–211). New York: Routledge.
Habermas, J. (1991). Discourse ethics: Notes on a program of philosophical justification. In S. Benhabib & F. Dallmayr (Eds.), The communicative ethics controversy (pp. 60–110). Cambridge: MIT Press.
Hösle, V. (2004). Morals and politics. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.
Howe, E., & Kaufman, J. (1979). The ethics of contemporary American planners. Journal of the American Planning Association, 45(3), 243–255.
Innes, J. E. (2004). Consensus building: Clarifications for the critics. Planning Theory, 3(1), 5–20.
Innes, J. E., & Booher, D. E. (2010). Planning with complexity: An introduction to collaborative rationality for public policy. New York: Routledge.
Innes, J. E., & Booher, D. E. (2015). A turning point for planning theory? Overcoming dividing discourses. Planning Theory, 14(2), 195–213.
Kuflik, A. (1979). Morality and compromise. The nature of compromise: A preliminary inquiry. In J. R. Pennock & J. W. Chapman (Eds.), Compromise in ethics, law, and politics (pp. 38–65). New York: New York University Press.
Lewicki, R. J., & Gray, B. (2003). Introduction. In R. J. Lewicki, B. Gray, & M. Elliott (Eds.), Making sense of intractable environmental conflicts: Frames and cases (pp. 1–9). Washington, DC: Island Press.
Margalit, A. (2010). On compromise and rotten compromises. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Menkel-Meadow, C. (2006). The ethics of compromise. In A. K. Schneider & C. Honeyman (Eds.), The Negotiator’s Fieldbook (pp. 155–164). Washington, DC: American Bar Association.
Mouffe, C. (2013). Agonistics: Thinking the world politically. London: Verso.
Nachi, M. (2004). The morality in/of compromise: Some theoretical reflections. Social Science Information, 43(2), 291–305.
Novy, J., & Peters, D. (2012). Railway station mega-projects as public controversies: The case of Stuttgart 21. Built Environment, 37(3), 128–145.
Owen, G. (2012). Move your city: Ethics, place and risk in the reconstruction of New Orleans. The International Journal of the Constructed Environment, 2(1), 23–35.
Pascchi, C., & Pasqui, G. (2015). Urban planning without conflicts? Observations on the nature and conditions for urban contestation in the case of Milan. In E. Gualini (Ed.), Planning and conflict: Critical perspectives on contentious urban developments (pp. 79–98). New York: Routledge.
Pucci, P. (2015). Large infrastructures and conflicts: Searching for “boundary objects”—Reflections from Italian experiences. In E. Gualini (Ed.), Planning and conflict: Critical perspectives on contentious urban developments (pp. 238–258). New York: Routledge.
Rittel, H. W. J., & Webber, M. M. (1973). Dilemmas in a general theory of planning. Policy Science, 4(2), 155–169.
Sassen, S. (2017). Beyond differences of race, religion, class: Making urban subjects. In M. Mostafavi (Ed.), Ethics of the urban: The city and the spaces of the political (pp. 35–46). Zurich: Lars Muller Publishers.
Schelling, T. C. (1971). The strategy of conflict. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Schlosberg, D. (2004). Reconceiving environmental justice: Global movements and political theories. Environmental Politics, 13(3), 517–540.
Schlosberg, D. (2007). Defining environmental justice: Theories, movements, and nature. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Schmelzkopf, K. (2002). Incommensurability, land use, and the right to space: Community gardens in New York City. Urban Geography, 23(4), 323–343.
Schön, D. A. (1983). The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action. New York: Basic Books.
Sennett, R. (1973). The uses of disorder: Personal identity and city life. London: Penguin Books.
Susskind, L. E., & Cruikshank, J. (1987). Breaking the impasse: Consensual approaches to resolving public disputes. New York: Basic Books.
van de Poel, I. (1998). Changing technologies: A comparative study of eight processes of transformation of technological regimes (Proefschrift). Enschede: Twente University Press.
van de Poel, I. (2015). Conflicting values in design for values. In J. van den Hoven, P. E. Vermaas, & I. van de Poel (Eds.), Handbook of ethics, values, and technological design: Sources, theory, values and application domains (pp. 89–116). New York: Springer.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Chan, J.K.H. (2019). Conflict. In: Urban Ethics in the Anthropocene. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0308-1_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0308-1_4
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-13-0307-4
Online ISBN: 978-981-13-0308-1
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)