Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Occurrence and Epidemiological Aspects of Phytoplasmas in Cereals

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Phytoplasmas: Plant Pathogenic Bacteria - I

Abstract

The symptoms of the main cereal diseases associated with phytoplasma presence such as barley deformation, maize bushy stunt, maize redness, green ear, oat proliferation, oat stunt, oat yellows, rice orange leaf, rice yellow dwarf, triticosecale stunt, wheat blue dwarf and wheat streak, yellowing, and stunting are described. Moreover the phytoplasmas associated with each disease are described together with their geographical distribution. In some cases, factors that affect the occurrence, development, and severity of these diseases are discussed. The insect vectors involved in transmission of some of these diseases are presented, along with the main morphological characteristics adopted for their identification.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abalos R (1939) Rice leafhoppers. 1. Nephotettix apicalis Motch. 2. Nephotettix bipunctatus Fabr. Local names: hanip (Tagalog), sip-sip (Ilocano), po-or or po-ol (Pangasinan). Philippine Journal of Agriculture 10, 205–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Acs Z, Jović J, Ember I, Cvrković T, Nagy Z, Talaber C, Gergely L, Toševski I, Kolber M(2011) First report of maize redness disease in Hungary. Bulletin of Insectology 64(Supplement), S229–S230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alivizatos AS, Markham PG (1986) Acquisition and transmission of corn stunt spiroplasma by its leafhopper vector Dalbulus maidis. Annals of Applied Biology 108, 535–544.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Arocha-Rosete Y, López M, Piñol B, Fernández M, Picornell B, Almeida R, Palenzuela I, Wilson MR, Jones P (2005) ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma graminis’ and ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma caricae’, two novel phytoplasmas associated with diseases of sugarcane, weeds and papaya in Cuba. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 55, 2451–2463.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Arocha-Rosete Y, Jones P (2010) Phytoplasma diseases of gramineae. In: Phytoplasmas: genomes, plant hosts, and vectors. Eds Weintraub GP and Jones P. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, United Kingdom, 170-187 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Asudi GO, van den Berg J, Midega CAO, Pickett JA, Khan ZR (2015) The significance of napier grass stunt phytoplasma and its transmission to cereals and sugarcane. Journal of Phytopathology 164, 378–385.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Asudi GO, van den Berg J, Midega CAO, Schneider B, Seemüller E, Pickett JA, Khan ZR (2016) Detection, identification and significance of phytoplasmas in wild grasses in East Africa. Plant Disease 100, 108–115.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Banttari EE, Moore MB (1960) Transmission of the aster yellows virus to barley. Plant Disease Reporter 44, 154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bascopé-Quintanilla JB (1977) Agente causal de la llamada “raza mesa central” del achaparramiento del maiz. Dissertation. Escuela Nacional de Agricultura, Colégio de Postgraduados, Chapingo, México, 55 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bedendo IP, Davis RE, Dally EL (1997) Molecular evidence for the presence of maize bushy stunt phytoplasma in corn in Brazil. Plant Disease 81, 957.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bedendo IP, Davis RE, Dally EL (2000) Detection and identification of the maize bushy stunt phytoplasma in corn plants in Brazil using PCR and RFLP. International Journal of Pest Management 46, 73–76.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bekavac G, Purar B, Jocković D (2007) Corn reddening: the disease and breeding for resistance. Journal of Plant Pathology 89, 397–404.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bertin S, Picciau L, Acs Z, Alma A, Bosco D (2010) Molecular differentiation of four Reptalus species (Hemiptera: Cixiidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 100, 551–558.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Blanche KR, Tran-Nguyen L, Gibb KS (2003) Detection, identification and significance of phytoplasmas in grasses in northern Australia. Plant Pathology 52, 505–512.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Calari A, Contaldo N, Ardizzi S, Bertaccini A (2010) Phytoplasma detection in corn with reddening in Italy. In: Current status and perspectives of phytoplasma disease research and management. Eds Bertaccini A, Laviña A, Torres E. Sitges, Spain, 5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carloni E, Carpane P, Paradell S, Laguna I, Pecci MG (2013) Presence of Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and of Spiroplasma kunkelii in the temperate region of Argentina. Journal of Economic Entomology 106, 1574–1581.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chen W, Li Y, Wang Q, Wang N, Wu Y (2014) Comparative genome analysis of wheat blue dwarf phytoplasma, an obligate pathogen that causes wheat blue dwarf disease in China. PloS One 9, e96436.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Chiykowski LN (1963) Endria inimical (SSay), a new leafhopper vector of a celery-infecting strain of aster yellows virus in barley and wheat. Canadian Journal of Botany 41, 669–672.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Costa AS, Kitajima EW, Arruda SC (1971) Moléstias de vírus e de micoplasma no milho em São Paulo. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Fitopatologia 4, 39–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cvrković T, Jović J, Mitrović M, Krstić O, Toševski I (2014) Experimental and molecular evidence of Reptalus panzeri as a natural vector of “bois noir”. Plant Pathology 63, 42–53.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duduk B, Bertaccini A (2006) Corn with symptoms of reddening: new host of “stolbur” phytoplasma. Plant Disease 90, 1313–1319.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Emeljanov AF (1971) New genera of leafhoppers of the families Cixiidae and Issidae (Homoptera, Auchenorrhyncha) in the USSR. Entomological Review 50, 350–354.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fedotina VL (1977) Virus und mykoplasmaanlicheorganismen in zellen von hafer, der von der pseudorosettenkrankheit befallen ist. Archiv fur Phytopathologie und Pflanzenshutz 3, 177–191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fukushi T (1934) Studies on the dwarf disease of rice plant. Hokkaido University – Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture 37, 164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Genov N, Mitrović J, Genov M, Duduk B (2014) First report of corn reddening caused by ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ in Bulgaria. Plant Disease 98, 991–991.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghauri MSK (1971) Revision of the genus Nephotettix Matsumura (Homoptera: Cicadelloidea: Euscelidae) based on the type material. Bulletin of Entomological Research 60, 481–512.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gonzales V, Gámez R (1974) Algunos factores que afectam la transmisión del virus del rayado fino del maíz por Dalbulus maidis DeLong & Wolcott. Turrialba 24, 51–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grigoryevna, VN (2015) Phytoplasmatic disease of maize under the conditions of Crimea. Izvestiya Orenburgskogo Gosudarstvennogo Agrarnogo Universiteta 5, 14–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haas ICR (2010) Potenciais hospedeiros alternativos para o fitoplasma, o espiroplasma, agentes do enfezamento do milho, e alterações bioquímicas em plantas infectadas por espiroplasma. Thesis. Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hibino H, Jonson GB, Santa Cruz FC (1987) Association of mycoplasma-like organisms with rice orange leaf in the Philippines. Plant Disease 71, 792–794.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hollingsworth CR, Atkinson LM, Samac DA, Larsen JE, Motteberg CD, Abrahamson MD, Glogoza P, MacRae IV (2008) Region and field level distributions of aster yellows phytoplasma in small grain crops. Plant Disease 92, 623–630.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holzinger WE, Kammerlander I, Nickel H (2003) Fulgoromorpha, Cicadomorpha, excluding Cicadellidae. The Auchenorrhyncha of Central Europe. Vol. 1. Brill, Boston, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hruska A, Gladstone SM, Obando R (1996) Epidemic roller coaster: maize stunt in Nicaragua. American Entomologist 42, 248–252.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jomantiene R, Davis RE, Alminaite A, Valiunas D, Jasinskaite R (2002) First report of oat as host of a phytoplasma belonging to group 16SrI, subgroup A. Plant Disease 86, 443.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jović J, Cvrković T, Mitrović M, Krnjajić S, Redinbaugh MG, Pratt RC, Gingery RE, Hogenhout SA,Toševski I (2007) Roles of “stolbur” phytoplasma and Reptalus panzeri (Cixiinae, Auchenorrhyncha) in the epidemiology of maize redness in Serbia. European Journal of Plant Pathology 118, 85–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jović J, Cvrković T, Mitrović M, Krnjajić S, Petrović A, Redinbaugh MG, Pratt RC, Hogenhout SA, Toševski I (2009) “Stolbur” phytoplasma transmission to maize by Reptalus panzeri and the disease cycle of maize redness in Serbia. Phytopathology 99, 1053–1061.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jović J, Cvrković T, Mitrović M, Krnjajić S, Krstić O, Redinbaugh MG, Pratt RC, Toševski I (2011) Hosts of “stolbur” phytoplasma in maize redness affected fields. Bulletin of Insectology 64(Supplement), S155–S156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jung HY, Sawayanagi T, Wongkaew P, Kakizawa S, Nishigawa H, Wei W, Oshima K, Miyata S, Ugaki M, Hibi T, Namba S (2003) ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma oryzae’, a novel phytoplasma taxon associated with rice yellow dwarf disease. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 53, 1925–1929.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kabir SMH, Hossain SKAKM (1986) Some aspects of biology of rice leafhopper, Nephotettix virescens (Distant). Bangladesh Journal of Zoology 14, 25–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kitajima EW, Costa AS (1972) Microscopia eletrônica de microrganismos tipo micoplasma nos tecidos de milho afetado pelo enfezamento e nos órgãos da cigarrinha vectora portadora. Bragantia 31, 75–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kosovac A, Radonjić S, Hrnčić S, Krstić O, Toševski I, Jović J (2016) Molecular tracing of the transmission routes of “bois noir” in Mediterranean vineyards of Montenegro and experimental evidence for the epidemiological role of Vitex agnus-castus (Lamiaceae) and associated Hyalesthes obsoletus (Cixiidae). Plant Pathology 65, 285–298.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kovačević M, Đurić Z, Jović J, Perković G, Lolić B, Hrnčić S, Toševski I, Delić D (2014) First report of “stolbur” phytoplasma associated with maize redness disease of maize in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Plant Disease 98, 418–418.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Singh V, Lakhanpaul S (2010) First report of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ associated with green ear disease of “bajra” (pearl millet) in India. New Disease Reports 22, 27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lazauskas J (1998) AugalinkystėLietuvoje (Agriculture in Lithuania) 1895–1995, SPAB “Aušra”, Kaunas, Lithuania, 388 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee I-M, Gundersen-Rindal DE, Davis RE, Bartoszyk IM (1998) Revised classification scheme of phytoplasmas based on RFLP analyses of 16S rRNA and ribosomal protein gene sequences. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 48, 1153–1169.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee I-M, Davis RE, Gundersen-Rindal DE (2000) Phytoplasmas: phytopathogenic mollicutes. Annual Reviews in Microbiology 54, 221–255.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee I-M, Gundersen-Rindal DE, Davis RE, Bottner KD, Marcone C, Seemüller E (2004) ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’, a novel phytoplasma taxon associated with aster yellows and related diseases. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54, 1037–1048.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Legrand AI, Power AG (1994) Inoculation and acquisition of maize bushy stunt mycoplasma by its leafhopper vector Dalbulus maidis. Annals of Applied Biology 125, 115–122.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li S, Hao W, Lu G, Huang J, Liu C, Zhou G (2015) Occurrence and identification of a new vector of rice orange leaf phytoplasma in South China. Plant Disease 99, 1483–1487.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Maixner M (2010) Phytoplasma epidemiological systems with multiple plant hosts. In: Phytoplasmas: genomes, plant hosts, and vectors. Eds Weintraub GP, Jones P, CABI Publishing, Wallingford, United Kingdom, 213–232 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcone C, Lee I-M, Davis RE, Ragozzino A, Seemüller E (2000) Classification of aster yellows-group phytoplasmas based on combined analyses of rRNA and tuf gene sequences. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 50, 1703–1713.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Marić A, Kosovac Z (1959) Proučavanje uzroka i štetnosti crvenila kukuruza u Vojvodini. Savremena Poljoprivreda 7, 1028–1043.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marín R (1987) Biologia y comportamiento de Dalbulus maidis (Homoptera-Cicadellidae). Revista Peruana de Entomologia 30, 113–117.

    Google Scholar 

  • Massola Júnior NS, Bedendo I, Amorim L, Lopes JRS (1999) Quantificação de danos causados pelo enfezamento vermelho e enfezamento pálido do milho em condições de campo. Fitopatologia Brasileira 24, 136–142.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathur KC, Chaturvedi DP (1980) Biology of leaf and planthoppers, the vectors of rice. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy B46, 797–812.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mori N, Mitrović J, Smiljković M, Duduk N, Paltrinieri S, Bertaccini A, Duduk B (2013) Hyalesthes obsoletus in Serbia and its role in the epidemiology of corn reddening. Bulletin of Insectology 66, 245–250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moya-Raygoza G, Nault LR (1998) Transmission biology of maize bushy stunt phytoplasma by the corn leafhopper (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 91, 668–676.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nakashima K, Kato S, Iwanami S, Murata N (1993) DNA probes reveal relatedness of rice yellow dwarf mycoplasma-like organisms (MLOs) and distinguish them from other MLOs. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 59, 1206–1212.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Nasu S (1967) Rice leafhoppers. Taxonomy, distribution, host range, life cycle and control of rice leafhoppers. In: Major insect pests of the rice plant. Symposium at the International Rice Research Institute. Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, USA, 493–523 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nault LR (1980) Maize bushy stunt and corn stunt: a comparison of disease symptoms, pathogen host ranges, and vectors. Phytopathology 70, 659–662.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nault LR (1990) Evolution of insect pest: maize and leafhopper, a case study. Maydica 35, 165–175.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nielson MW (1968) The leafhopper vectors of phytopathogenic viruses (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) taxonomy, biology, and virus transmission. United States of Department of Agriculture, Washington (Technical Bulletin, 1382), 386 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira CM, Querino RB (2017) Taxonomic, biological and ecological aspects of corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). In: Diseases in maize: insect vectors, mollicutes and virus. Eds Oliveira CM, Sabato EO. Embrapa, Brasília, Brazil, 139-151 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira CM, Lopes JR, Nault LR (2013) Survival strategies of Dalbulus maidis during maize off-season in Brazil. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 147, 141–153.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira CM, Querino RB, Frizzas MR (2017) Leafhoppers and planthoppers in maize crop in Brazil. In: Diseases in maize: insect vectors, mollicutes and viruses. Eds Oliveira CM, Sabato EO. Embrapa, Brasília, Brazil, 71–95 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira E, Waquil JM, Fernandes FT, Paiva E, Resende RO, Kitajima WE (1998) Enfezamento pálido e enfezamento vermelho na cultura do milho no Brasil Central. Fitopatologia Brasileira 23, 45–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira E, Carvalho RV, Duarte AP, Andrade RA, Resende RO, Oliveira CM, Reco PC (2002a) Molicutes e vírus em milho na safrinha e na safra de verão. Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo 1, 38–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira E, Magalhães PC, Gomide RL, Vasconcelos CA, Souza IRP, Cruz I, Shafert R (2002b) Growth and nutrition of mollicute infected maize. Plant Disease 86, 945–949.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira E, Santos JC, Magalhães PC, Cruz I (2007) Maize bushy stunt phytoplasma transmission by Dalbulus maidis is affect by spiroplasma acquisition and environmental conditions. Bulletin of Insectology 60, 229–230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oliveira E, Landau EC, Sousa SM de (2015) Simultaneous transmission of phytoplasma and spiroplasma by Dalbulus maidis leafhopper and symptoms of infected maize. Phytopathogenic Mollicutes 5(1-Supplement), S99–S100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olivier CY, Seguin-Swartz G, Galka B, Olfert OO (2011) Aster yellows in leafhoppers and field crops in Saskatchewan, Canada, 2001–2008. The Americas Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology 5, 88–94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oman PW (1948) Distribution of Dalbulus maidis (Delong & Wolcott). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 50, 34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pandian V, Velazhahan R, Suresh S, Robin S, Rabindran R, Rao GP (2015) Subgroup level identification of rice orange leaf phytoplasma and its natural transmission through zigzag leafhopper (Reciliadorsalis) in India. Phytopathogenic Mollicutes 5, 107–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pathak MD, Khan ZR (1994) Insect pests of rice. International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines, 89 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peiwen G, Yunfeng W, Keke W, Xingan H (2004) A study on the characteristics of wheat blue dwarf phytoplasma transmitted by leafhopper Psammotettix striatus. Plant Protection 4, 24–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Penchich M, Elenich D, Radenovich C, Zarich L, Kerechki B (1972) The study of some physiological aspects of the phenomenon of “reddening” in corn plants. Sel’skokhozyaistvennaya Biologia 3, 461–464.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pérez-López E, Olivier CY, Luna-Rodríguez M, Rodríguez Y, Iglesias LG, Castro-Luna A, Adame-García J, Dumonceaux TJ (2016) Maize bushy stunt phytoplasma affects native corn at high elevations in Southeast Mexico. European Journal of Plant Pathology 145, 963–971.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pongprasert S (1974) Resistance to the zigzag leafhopper, Recilia dorsalis (Motschulsky), in rice varieties. Thesis. University of the Philippines, Los Baños, Philippines, 76 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quaglino F, Zhao Y, Casati P, Bulgari D, Bianco PA, Wei W, Davis RE (2013) ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’, a novel taxon associated with “stolbur” and “bois noir”-related diseases of plants. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 63, 2879–2894.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao GP, Kumar M, Madhupriya, Singh AK (2017a) First report of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ (16SrI-B subgroup) associated with a maize leaf redness disease in India. Phytopathogenic Mollicutes 7, 52–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao GP, Prakasha TL, Madhupriya, Thorat V, Kumar M, Baranwal VK, Mishra AN, Yadav A (2017b) First report of association of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma cynodontis’ (16SrXIV-B subgroup) with streak, yellowing, and stunting disease in durum and bread wheat genotypes from central India. Plant Disease 101, 1314.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sabato EO (2017) Corn stunting diseases. In: Diseases in maize: insect vectors, mollicutes and viruses. Eds Oliveira CM, Sabato EO. Embrapa, Brasília, Brazil, 11-23 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salim M (2002) Biology of rice green leafhopper, Nephotettix virescens (Distant) under laboratory conditions. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research 17, 49–54.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schneider B, Padovan A, De La Rue S, Eichner R, Davis R, Bernuetz A, Gibb K (1999) Detection and differentiation of phytoplasmas in Australia: an update. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, 333–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shu L, Weijia H, Guanghua L, Jilei H, Chuanhe L, Guohui Z (2015) Occurrence and identification of a new vector of rice orange leaf phytoplasma in South China. Plant Disease 99, 1483–1487.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Šutić D, Tošić M, Starović M, Stanković R, Tomić T (2002) Redness of maize. Plant Protection 53, 57–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tran-Nguyen L, Blanche KR, Egan B, Gibb KS (2000) Diversity of phytoplasmas in northern Australian sugarcane and other grasses. Plant Pathology 49, 666–679.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Triplehorn BW, Nault LR (1985) Phylogenetic classification of the genus Dalbulus (Homoptera: Cicadellidae), and notes on the phylogeny of the Macrostelini. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 78, 291–315.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsai JH (1988) Bionomics of Dalbulusmaidis (DeLong & Wolcott): a vector of mollicutes and virus (Homoptera: Cicadellidae). In: Mycoplasma diseases of crops: basic and applied aspects. Eds Maramorosch K, Raychaudhuri SP. Springer-Verlag, New York. USA, 209–221 pp.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Urbanavičienė L, Jomantienė R, Valiūnas D, Davis RE (2004) Molecular detection of phytoplasmas in oats, barley, and triticosecale and their classification based on 16S rRNA gene polymorphisms. ŽemėsŪkioMokslai 3, 15–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Urbanavičienė L, Jomantienė R, Davis RE (2005) First report of barley as host of a phytoplasma belonging to group 16SrI, subgroup B, and ribosomal protein subgroup rpI-B in Lithuania. Plant Disease 89, 339.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Urbanavičienė L, Jomantienė R, Valiūnas D, Davis RE (2007) Molecular identification of 16SrI-A, 16SrI-B, 16SrI-C, and 16SrI-L subgroups of phytoplasmas in gramineous plants in Lithuania. Bulletin of Insectology 60, 127–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Urbanavičienė L, Valiūnas D, Jomantienė R (2008) Molecular identification of agents causing yellows diseases in oats (Avena sativa L.). Zemdirbyste-Agriculture 95, 286–292.

    Google Scholar 

  • Valarmanthi P, Rabindran R, Velazhahan R, Suresh S, Robin S (2013) First report of rice orange leaf disease phytoplasma (16SrI) in rice (Oryza sativa) in India. Australasian Plant Disease Notes 8, 141–143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valarmanthi P, Rethinasamy V, Seetharaman S, Sabariappan R, Ramalingam R, Rao GP (2015) Subgroup level identification of rice orange leaf phytoplasma and its natural transmission through zigzag leafhopper (Recilia dorsalis) in India. Phytopathogenic Mollicutes 5, 107–112.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Nieuwenhove GA, Frías EA, Virla EG (2015) Effects of temperature on the development, performance and fitness of the corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis (DeLong) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae): implications on its distribution under climate change. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 18, 1–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waquil JM, Viana PA, Cruz I, Santos JP (1999) Aspectos da biologia da cigarrinha-do-milho, Dalbulus maidis (DeLong & Wolcott) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil 28, 413–420.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Webb MD, Ramsay AJ, Lemaître VA (2013) Revealing the identity of some early described European Cixiidae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) – a case of forensic taxonomy; two new combinations and a name change for Reptalus panzeri in Britain. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae Biologicae (Brno) 98, 57–95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Webster RK, Gunnell PS (1992) Compendium of rice diseases. APS Press, Saint Paul, USA, 44 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wei W, Davis RE, Lee I-M, Zhao Y (2007) Computer-simulated RFLP analysis of 16S rRNA genes: identification of ten new phytoplasma group. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 57, 1855–1867.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weintraub PG, Beanland L (2006) Insect vectors of phytoplasmas. Annual Review of Entomology 51, 91–111.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weintraub PG, Wilson MR (2010) Control of phytoplasma diseases and vectors. In: Phytoplasmas: genomes, plant hosts and vectors. Eds Weintraub PG, Jones P. CABI, Wallingford, United Kingdom, 233-249 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson MR, Claridge MF (1991) Handbook for the identification of leafhoppers and planthoppers of rice. CAB International, Wallingford, United Kingdom.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson MR, Weintraub PG (2007) An introduction to Auchenorrhyncha phytoplasma vectors. Bulletin of Insectology 60, 177.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu Y, Hao X, Li Z, Gu P, An F, Xiang J, Wang H, Luo Z, Liu J, Xiang Y (2010) Identification of the phytoplasma associated with wheat blue dwarf disease in China. Plant Disease 94, 977–985.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang QF, Xiang JY, Yang Y, Zhang Q (1996) The primary infection of wheat mycoplasma-like organism blue dwarf disease (WMBD). Acta Phytopathologica Sinica 11, 107–110.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zibadoost S, Rastgou M (2016) Molecular identification of phytoplasmas associated with some weeds in West Azarbaijan province, Iran. Acta Agriculturae Slovenica 107, 129–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil

    Elizabeth de Oliveira

  2. Nature Research Centre, Phytovirus Laboratory, Vilnius, Lithuania

    Deividas Valiūnas & Laima Urbanavičienė

  3. Department of Plant Pests, Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Zemun, Serbia

    Jelena Jović

  4. University of São Paulo, College of Agriculture, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil

    Ivan Paulo Bedendo

  5. Embrapa Cerrados, Brasília, DF, Brazil

    Charles Martins de Oliveira

Authors
  1. Elizabeth de Oliveira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Deividas Valiūnas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jelena Jović
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ivan Paulo Bedendo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Laima Urbanavičienė
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Charles Martins de Oliveira
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Elizabeth de Oliveira .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Plant Pathology, Advance Center for Plant Virology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India

    Govind Pratap Rao

  2. Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Assunta Bertaccini

  3. Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal, Universidad de Chile, La Pintana, RM – Santiago, Chile

    Nicola Fiore

  4. Ministry for Primary Industries, Plant Health and Environment Laboratory, Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand

    Lia W. Liefting

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

de Oliveira, E., Valiūnas, D., Jović, J., Bedendo, I.P., Urbanavičienė, L., de Oliveira, C.M. (2018). Occurrence and Epidemiological Aspects of Phytoplasmas in Cereals. In: Rao, G., Bertaccini, A., Fiore, N., Liefting, L. (eds) Phytoplasmas: Plant Pathogenic Bacteria - I. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0119-3_3

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation