Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A Review on Underwater Friction Stir Welding (UFSW)

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
The Advances in Joining Technology

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering ((LNME))

Abstract

Underwater Friction Stir Welding (UFSW) is noted as an advanced technique in welding field which is a really new and emerging technology in recent years. In the present paper, a brief explanation on introduction to the Underwater Friction Stir Welding (UFSW) technique along with a review on the latest researches have been made. The review is designed based on joint strength analysis, thermal distribution analysis, microstructural analysis, process modelling and computing techniques, effect of thermal boundary condition in UFSW, effect of process parameters, defects in UFSW and dissimilar welds. The applications of UFSW have also been discussed, along with a detailed description of advantages and limitations of UFSW technique. Lastly, the possible future research exploration has been proposed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Nandan R, DebRoy T, Bhadeshia H (2008) Recent advances in friction-stir welding-process, weldment structure and properties. Prog Mater Sci 53:980–1023

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. TWI Ltd., “TWI Group websites,” The Welding Institute, 29 March 2017. [Online]. Available: http://www.twi-global.com/capabilities/joining-technologies/friction-processes/friction-stir-welding/

  3. Ibrahim NT, Mustafa D, Hasan O, Ahmet Y (2010) Optimizations of friction stir welding of aluminum alloy by using genetically optimized neural network. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 48:95–101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Dolby R, Sanderson A, Threadgill P (2001) Recent developments and applications in electron beam and friction technologies. In: 7th international Aachen welding conference, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  5. Tulika G, Priyank M, Varun S, Chirag J, Prateek G (2014) Underwater friction stir welding: an overview. Int Rev Appl Eng Res 4(2):165–170

    Google Scholar 

  6. Thomas WM, Nicholas ED, Needham JC, Murch MG, Temple-Smith P, Dawes CJ (1991) Friction-stir butt welding. United Kingdom Patent PCT/GB92102203

    Google Scholar 

  7. Supraja Reddy B (2016) Review on different trends in friction stir welding. Int J Innov Eng Technol 7(1):170–178

    Google Scholar 

  8. Thomas B (2009) On the immersed friction stir welding of AA6061-T6: a metallurgic and mechanical comparison to friction stir welding. Nashville, Tennessee, May 2009, thesis for the degree of master of science in mechanical engineering

    Google Scholar 

  9. Fratini L, Buffa G, Shivpuri R (2009) In-process heat treatments to improve FS-welded butt joints. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 43:664–670

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Nelson TW, Steel RJ, Arbegast WJ (2003) In situ thermal studies and post-weld mechanical properties of friction stir welds in age hardenable aluminium alloys. Sci Technol Weld Join 8(4):283

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Zhao Y, Wang Q, Chen H, Yan K (2014) Microstructure and mechanical properties of spray formed 7055 aluminum alloy by underwater friction stir welding. Mater Des 56:725–730

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Liu H, Zhang H, Yu L (2011) Homogeneity of mechanical properties of underwater friction stir welded 2219-T6 aluminum alloy. ASM Int 4

    Google Scholar 

  13. Liu HJ, Zhang HJ, Huang YX, Yu L (2010) Mechanical properties of underwater friction stir welded 2219 aluminum alloy. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China 20:1387–1391

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Sakurada D, Katoh K, Tokisue H (2002) Underwater friction welding of 6061 aluminum alloy. J Jpn Inst Light Metals 52(2):2–6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Hofmann DC, Vecchio KS (2007) Thermal history analysis of friction stir processed and submerged friction stir processed aluminum. Mater Sci Eng, A 465:165–175

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Zhang H, Liu H, Yu L (2012) Effect of water cooling on the performances of friction stir welding heat-affected zone. ASM Int JMEPEG 21:1182–1187

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Hosseini M, Danesh Manesh H (2010) Immersed friction stir welding of ultrafine grained accumulative roll-bonded Al alloy. Mater Des 31:4786–4791

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Wang Q, Zhao Z, Zhao Y, Yan K, Liu C, Zhang H (2016) The strengthening mechanism of spray forming Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy by underwater friction stir welding. Mater Des 102:91–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Hofmann DC, Vecchio KS (2005) Submerged friction stir processing (SFSP): an improved method for creating ultra-fine-grained bulk materials. Mater Sci Eng, A 402:234–241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Fratini L, Buffa G, Shivpuri R (2010) Mechanical and metallurgical effects of in process cooling during friction stir welding of AA7075-T6 butt joints. Acta Mater 58:2056–2067

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Zhang HJ, Liu HJ, Yu L (2013) Thermal modeling of underwater friction stir welding of high strength aluminum alloy. Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China 23:1114–1122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Zhang H, Liu H (2013) Mathematical model and optimization for underwater friction stir welding of a heat-treatable aluminum alloy. Mater Des 206–211

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Sree Sabari S, Malarvizhi S, Balasubramanian V, Madusudhan Reddy G (2016) Experimental and numerical investigation on under-water friction stir welding of armour grade AA2519-T87 aluminium alloy. Defence Technol 12:324–333

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Fu RD, Sun ZQ, Sun RC, Li Y, Liu HJ, Liu L (2011) Improvement of weld temperature distribution and mechanical properties of 7050 aluminum alloy butt joints by submerged friction stir welding. Mater Des 4825–4831

    Google Scholar 

  25. Darras B, Kishta E (2013) Submerged friction stir processing of AZ31 magnesium alloy. Mater Des 47:133–137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Upadhyay P, Reynolds A (2010) Effects of thermal boundary conditions in friction stir welded AA7050-T7 sheets. Mater Sci Eng, A 527:1537–1543

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Liu H, Zhang H, Yu L (2011) Effect of welding speed on microstructures and mechanical properties of underwater friction stir welded 2219 aluminum alloy. Mater Des 1548–1553

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Zhang H, Liu H, Yu L (2011) Microstructure and mechanical properties as a function of rotation speed in underwater friction stir welded aluminum alloy joints. Mater Des 32:4402–4407

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Kishta EE, Darras B (2014) Experimental investigation of underwater friction-stir welding of 5083 marine-grade aluminum alloy. In: Proceedings of IMechE Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture, p 8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Abbas M, Mehani N, Mittal A (2014) Feasibility of underwater friction stir welding and its optimization using taguchi method. Int J Eng Sci Res Technol 3(7):700–710

    Google Scholar 

  31. Zhang H, Liu H (2012) Characteristics and formation mechanisms of welding defects in underwater friction stir welded aluminum alloy. Metallogr Microstruct Anal 269–281

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  32. Mofid MA, Abdollah-zadeh A, Malek Ghaini F (2012) The effect of water cooling during dissimilar friction stir welding of Al alloy to Mg alloy. Mater Des 36:161–167

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Mofid MA, Abdollah-Zadeh A, Ghaini FM, Gu CH (2012) Submerged Friction-Stir Welding (SFSW) underwater and under liquid nitrogen: an improved method to join Al alloys to Mg alloys. Miner Met Mater Soc ASM, Int 2012(43A):5106–5114

    Google Scholar 

  34. Majumdar JD (2006) Underwater welding—present status and future scope. J Naval Architect Mar Eng 3:39–48

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) Malaysia through Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) grant Ref. No. FRGS/1//2015/TK03/UTP/02/6.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia

    Dhanis Paramaguru, Srinivasa Rao Pedapati & M. Awang

Authors
  1. Dhanis Paramaguru
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Srinivasa Rao Pedapati
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. M. Awang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Srinivasa Rao Pedapati .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia

    Mokhtar Awang

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Paramaguru, D., Pedapati, S.R., Awang, M. (2019). A Review on Underwater Friction Stir Welding (UFSW). In: Awang, M. (eds) The Advances in Joining Technology. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-9041-7_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-9041-7_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-9040-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-9041-7

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation