Skip to main content

Korean/American Literary Images of Black Amerasians

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Literature, Memory, Hegemony
  • 369 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter discusses the images of black Amerasians in Korean and Korean-American narratives. By putting Korean-language narratives in direct dialogue with their Anglophone counterparts, this transpacific study argues that the texts in Korean and English help piece together the diverse aspects of black Amerasian experience in Korea from two perspectives, Korean and Korean American. Both Korean and Korean American narratives portray black Amerasians fundamentally as the unfortunate victims of androcentrism, patriarchy, ethnonationalism, militarism, neo-imperialism, and racism. Yet there is a signal difference between the two literatures: whereas Korean narratives focus on the discrimination and ostracisation of black Amerasians by Koreans, Korean American narratives highlight white racism in U.S. military facilities in Korea and criticise U.S. legal barriers and immigration policy against black Amerasians.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Abelmann, Nancy, and John Lie. 1997. Blue Dreams: Korean Americans and the Los Angeles Riots. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • An, Il-sun. 1995. Ppaetbeol (Quagmire), 2 vols. Seoul: Konggan Media.

    Google Scholar 

  • Augustine-Adams, Kif. 2000. “Gendered States: A Comparative Construction of Citizenship and Nation.” Virginia Journal of International Law 41: 93–139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burkhardt, William R. 1983. “Institutional Barriers, Marginality, and Adaptation Among the American-Japanese Mixed Bloods in Japan.” Journal of Asian Studies 42 (3): 519–544.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cho, Kyu-ik. 1999. “Samil undong ihu haebang jikjeon kkaji-ui soseol” [Novels from the March First Movement to Liberation]. In Haebang jeon jaemi hanin imin munhak [Korean Immigrant Literature in the United States Before the Liberation], edited by K. Cho, Vol. 1, 199–208. Seoul: Wolin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cumings, Bruce. 1992. “Silent but Deadly: Sexual Subordination in the U.S.-Korean Relationship.” In Let the Good Times Roll: Prostitution and the U.S. Military in Asia, edited by Saundra Pollock Sturdevant and Brenda Stoltzfus, 169–175. New York: The New Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fenkl, Heinz Insu. 1996. Memories of My Ghost Brother. New York: Plume.

    Google Scholar 

  • “Hainz weod-ui 29-nyeonman-ui gohyang bangmun/daehanminguk-ehseo honhyeora-ro saragagi” (Heinz Ward’s Homecoming after 29 Years/To Live as a Mixed-Blood in Korea). 2006. Aju teukbyeolhan achim [A Very Special Morning]. Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation. April 5.

    Google Scholar 

  • “Hainz weod yeolpung keu hu—amerasian, keudeul-eun jigeum” (After the Heinz Ward Fever—Amerasians Now). 2006. Tolérance. Educational Broadcasting System. June 29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ho, Jennifer. 2004. Review of Fox Girl by Nora Okja Keller. Amerasia Journal 30 (2): 117–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • “Honheora kyojang pak roki” (Rocky Park, the Mixed-Blood Principal). 2005. Pipeul sesang sok-euro [People into the World]. Korea Broadcasting System. November 17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Honré, Finn. 2002. “Fine Novel Details Tattered Innocence of 3 Korean Kids.” Honolulu Star-Bulletin, April 7. Website. Available at: http://archives.starbulletin.com/2002/04/07/features/story2.html. January 23, 2009.

  • Houston, Velina Hasu. 1997. “To the Colonizer Goes the Spoils: Amerasian Progeny in Vietnam War Films and Owning Up to the Gaze.” Amerasia Journal 23 (1): 69–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Houston, Velina Hasu, and Teresa Kay Williams. 1997. “No Passing Zone: The Artistic and Discursive Voices of Asian-Descent Multiracials.” Amerasia Journal 23 (1): vii–xii.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hübinette, Tobias. 2006. Comforting an Orphaned Nation: Representations of International Adoption and Adopted Koreans in Korean Popular Culture. Seoul: Jimundang.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hurh, Won Moo. 1972. “Marginal Children of War: An Explanatory Study of American-Korean Children.” International Journal of Sociology of the Family 2: 10–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hurh, Won Moo, and Kwang Chung Kim. 1984. Korean Immigrants in America: A Structural Analysis of Ethnic Confinement and Adhesive Adaptation. Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeong, Ok-jin. 1968. “Honhyeora hakkyqo” [Amerasian School]. Shindonga [New East Asia] (September): 332–365.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jo, Hae-il. 1972. “America.” Sedae [Generations] 107: 316–358.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jo, Jeong-rae. 1978. “Miun ori saekki” [Ugly Ducklings]. Soseol munye [Narrative Arts] 4 (5): 64–129.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keller, Nora Okja. 2002. Fox Girl. New York: Viking.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2003. “Nora Okja Keller and the Silenced Woman: An Interview.” Interview by Young-Oak Lee, MELUS 28 (4): 154–165.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, Dong-sim, et al. 2003. “Gijichon honhyeorin ingwon siltae josa” [A Survey on the Status of Human Rights of the Amerasians in Camptowns]. Seoul: National Human Rights Commission.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, Eun-ha. 2003. “Talsikminhwa-ui sinseonghan samyeong-gwa ‘yanggongju’-ui seksyuaeliti” [The Sacred Mission of Decolonization and the Sexuality of ‘Western Princesses’]. Yeosung munhak yeonku [Studies in Women’s Literature] 10: 158–179.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim, Jodi. 2008. “‘I’m Not Here, If This Doesn’t Happen’: The Korean War and Cold War Epistemologies in Susan Choi’s The Foreign Student and Heinz Insu Fenkl’s Memories of My Ghost Brother.” Journal of Asian American Studies 11 (3): 279–302.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2009. “An ‘Orphan’ with Two Mothers: Transnational and Transracial Adoption, the Cold War, and Contemporary Asian American Cultural Politics.” American Quarterly 61 (4): 855–880.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, Sun-deok. 1965. Eomma, na-man wae geomeoyo? [Mom, Why Am I Alone Black?]. Seoul: Jeongsinsa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, K.W. 1974. “Korean War Legacy.” Boston Herald Advertiser, March 24, 35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, Jin-kyung. 2010. Service Economies: Militarism, Sex Work, and Migrant Labor in South Korea. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDowell, Edwin. 1966. “Amerasian Children, Korean Outcasts: U.S. Foundation Aids ‘What GIs Left Behind,’” Arizona Republic, July 25.

    Google Scholar 

  • “Miguk-euro gan amerasiandeul—honhyeol imin geu hu” [Amerasians in the United States—After the Amerasian Immigration]. 2006. Geugeot-i algo sipda [We Want to Know That]. Seoul Broadcasting Service. March 11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, Helen. 1971. “Korea’s International Children.” Lutheran Social Concern 13 (2): 12–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moen, Sveinung J. 1974. The Amerasians: A Study and Research on Interracial Children in Korea. Seoul: Taewon Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moon, Katharine H.S. 1997. Sex Among Allies: Military Prostitution in U.S.-Korea Relations. New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 1999. “South Korean Movements Against Militarized Sexual Labor.” Asian Survey 39 (2): 310–327.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mun, Sun-tae. 1987. “Munsin-ui ttang” [Land of Tattoos]. In 11-hoe isang munhaksang susang jakpumjip [Collection of Stories Awarded the 11th Yi Sang Literary Awards], edited by Yim Young-bin, 275–320. Seoul: Munhak sasangsa.

    Google Scholar 

  • “Nae nampyeon-eun honhyeorin” (My Husband Is a Mixed-Blood). 2002. Iyagi gwangjang [Talk Plaza]. Korea Broadcasting System. October 19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oh, Arissa. 2005. “A New Kind of Missionary Work: Christians, Christian Americanists, and the Adoption of Korean GI Babies, 1955–1961.” WSQ: Women’s Studies Quarterly 33 (3/4): 161–188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Okazawa-Rey, Margo. “Amerasian Children of GI Town: A Legacy of U.S. Militarism in South Korea.” Asian Journal of Women’s Studies 3 (1997): 71–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Park, Sun-ae. 2004. “Gijichon soseol-e natanan maechun yeoseong-ui munje” [Problems of Prostitutes in Camptown Fiction]. Hyundae soseol yeonku [Studies in Modern Fiction] 24: 277–297.

    Google Scholar 

  • Root, Maria P.P. 1997. “Multiracial Asians: Models of Ethnic Identity.” Amerasia Journal 23 (1): 29–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sankkul. 1928–1929. “Teugi” (“Mixed-bloods”). Sinhan minbo [New Korea]. 27 December–23 May. Reprinted in Cho Kyu-ik (ed.), 1999, Haebang jeon jaemi hanin imin munhak [Korean Immigrant Literature in the United States Before the Liberation], Vol. 5, 601–665. Seoul: Wolin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shade, John A., Jr. 1981. America’s Forgotten Children: The Amerasians. Perkasie, PA: Pearl S. Buck Foundation, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sturdevant, Saundra Pollock, and Brenda Stoltzfus. 1992a. “Disparate Threads of the Whole: An Interpretive Essay.” In Let the Good Times Roll: Prostitution and the U.S. Military in Asia, edited by S.P. Sturdevant and B. Stoltzfus, 300–334. New York: The New Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • ______. 1992b. “Tong Du Chun: The Bar System.” In Let the Good Times Roll, edited by S.P. Sturdevant and B. Stoltzfus, 176–178. New York: The New Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Trenka, Jane Jeong, Julia Chinyere Oparah, and Sun Yung Shin. 2006. “Introduction.” In Outsiders Within: Writing on Transracial Adoption, edited by J.J. Trenka, J.C. Oparah, and S.Y. Shin, 1–15. Cambridge, MA: South End Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu, Ju-hyeon. 1957. “Taeyang-ui yusan” [A Legacy of the Sun]. Munhak yesul [Literary Arts] 4 (2): 59–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yuh, Ji-Yeon. 2002. Beyond the Shadow of Camptown: Korean Military Brides in America. New York: New York University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yun, I-na. 1992. “Samdae” [Three Generations]. Segye-ui munhak [World Literature] 66 (Winter): 89–112.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Lee, K.J. (2018). Korean/American Literary Images of Black Amerasians. In: Gabriel, S., Pagan, N. (eds) Literature, Memory, Hegemony. Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-9001-1_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics