Abstract
Soccer players are allowed to use their heads to direct the ball to the teammates during the game. Studies have shown that purposeful heading of the ball in soccer might cause long-term traumatic brain injury. In order to analyze the impact of soccer heading on the brain in the laboratory, a device that can launch the ball at constant speed is required. This project aims to develop a device, which can launch the ball towards a target such as an instrumented dummy headform at desired speeds. Two counter-rotating wheels that are rotated by two AC motors were used as the launching mechanism. The use of AC motors is economical, but their speeds cannot be easily controlled. Thus, a release mechanism that automates the switching of the motor as well as feeding the ball was developed. Testing shows that the device is capable of launching the ball up to a maximum speed of 18 m/s. This corresponds to the reported maximum heading speed in soccer. The use of the release mechanism allows the ball speed to be varied. A soccer ball launching device was successfully developed. The device is not only economical, but also capable of launching the ball at desired speeds.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Tysvaer, A.T., Storli, O.: Association football injuries to the brain. A preliminary report. Br. J. Sports Med. 15, 163–166 (1981)
Matser, J.T., Kessels, A.G.H., Jordan, B.D., Lezak, M.D., Troost, J.: Chronic traumatic brain injury in professional soccer players. Neurology 51, 791–796 (1998)
Tysvaer, A.T., Løchen, E.A.: Soccer injuries to the brain: a neuropsychologic study of former soccer players. Am. J. Sports Med. 19, 56–60 (1991)
Matser, E.J.T., Kessels, A.G., Lezak, M.D., Jordan, B.D., Troost, J.: Neuropsychological Impairment in amateur soccer players. JAMA J. Am. Med. Assoc. 282, 971–973 (1999)
Matser, J.T., Kessels, A.G., Lezak, M.D., Troost, J.: A dose-response relation of headers and concussions with cognitive impairment in professional soccer players. J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. 23, 770–774 (2001)
Webbe, F.M., Ochs, S.R.: Recency and frequency of soccer heading interact to decrease neurocognitive performance. Appl. Neuropsychol. 10, 31–41 (2003)
Witol, A.D., Webbe, F.M.: Soccer heading frequency predicts neuropsychological deficits. Arch. Clin. Neuropsychol. 18, 397–417 (2003)
Lipton, M.L., Kim, N., Zimmerman, M.E.: Soccer heading is associated with white matter microstructural and cognitive abnormalities. Radiology 268 (2013)
Koerte, I.K., Lin, A.P., Muehlmann, M., Merugumala, S., Liao, H., Starr, T., Kaufmann, D., Mayinger, M., Steffinger, D., Fisch, B., Karch, S., Heinen, F., Ertl-Wagner, B., Reiser, M., Stern, R., Zafonte, R.D., Shenton, M.E.: Altered neurochemistry in former professional soccer players without a history of concussion. J. Neurotrauma (2015). https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2014.3715
Koerte, I.K., Ertl-Wagner, B.: White matter integrity in the brains of professional soccer players without a symptomatic concussion. JAMA J. Am. Med. Assoc. 308, 2006–2008 (2012)
Naunheim, R., Ryden, A., Standeven, J., Genin, G., Lewis, L., Thompson, P., Bayly, P.: Does soccer headgear attenuate the impact when heading a soccer ball? Acad. Emerg. Med. 10, 85–90 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1197/aemj.10.1.85
Shewchenko, N., Withnall, C., Keown, M., Gittens, R., Dvorak, J.: Heading in football. Part 1: development of biomechanical methods to investigate head response. Br. J. Sports Med. 39 Suppl. 1, 10–25 (2005) https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2005.019034
Self, B., Beck, J., Schill, D., Eames, C., Knox, T., Plaga, J.: Head accelerations during soccer heading. In: Engineering of Sport 6 SE—15, pp. 81–86. Springer, New York (2006)
Funk, J.R., Cormier, J.M., Bain, C.E., Guzman, H., Bonugli, E.: Validation and application of a methodology to calculate head accelerations and neck loading in soccer ball impacts. SAE Technical Paper 1 (2009)
Gutierrez, G.M., Conte, C., Lightbourne, K.: The relationship between impact force, neck strength, and neurocognitive performance in soccer heading in adolescent females. Pediatr. Exerc. Sci. 26, 33–40 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2013-0102
Naunheim, R., Bayly, P., Standeven, J., Neubauer, J., Lewis, L., Genin, G.: Linear and angular head accelerations during heading of a soccer ball. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 35, 1406–1412 (2003)
Hanlon, E., Bir, C.: Validation of a wireless head acceleration measurement system for use in soccer play. J. Appl. Biomech. 26, 424–431 (2010)
Jordan, S.E., Green, G.A., Galanty, H.L., Mandelbaum, B.R., Jabour, B.A.: Acute and chronic brain injury in United States National Team soccer players. Am. J. Sports Med. 24, 205–210 (1996)
Taha, Z., Hassan, M.H.A., Hasanuddin, I.: Analytical modelling of soccer heading. Sadhana 40, 1567–1578 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-015-0383-5
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thanks the Research and Innovation Department of Universiti Malaysia Pahang for funding this study under the internal grant RDU1603106.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this paper
Cite this paper
Hassan, M.H.A., Taha, Z., Shaharudin, M.A.H., Wee, L.K., Anuar, Z. (2018). Development of a Soccer Ball Launching Device. In: Hassan, M. (eds) Intelligent Manufacturing & Mechatronics. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8788-2_53
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8788-2_53
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-10-8787-5
Online ISBN: 978-981-10-8788-2
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)