Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Dynamics of Articulated Landing Gear in Tail-Down Landing Condition

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Machines, Mechanism and Robotics

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering ((LNME))

  • 2163 Accesses

Abstract

Articulated landing gears have relatively lower stowage volume and provide better taxiing characteristics when compared to telescopic gears. Unlike telescopic configuration, the articulated configurations do not have the same stroke for wheel axle and shock absorber travel. The objective of this work is to study and compare the dynamics of the articulated main landing gear, during level and tail-down landing conditions, using MSC/ADAMS software. The results are compared with the available landing gear analysis program, which has been experimentally validated by the drop tests. A 12.3% reduction in total vertical wheel axle travel is observed in tail-down condition when compared to level landing, due to the kinematic configuration. It results in 18.9% and 14.8% increase in dynamic load in limit and reserve landing respectively for tail-down condition. Also, the tire deflections are relatively higher and the shock absorber travel is relatively lower, in tail-down landing for both limit and reserve conditions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Abbreviations

LG:

Landing Gear

MIL:

Military Standard

FAR:

Federal Aviation Regulations

MLG:

Main Landing Gear

WA:

Wheel Axle

SA:

Shock Absorber

Fs:

Total Shock Absorber Force (N)

Fa:

Pneumatic Force (N)

Fh:

Hydraulic Force (N)

n:

Polytropic Index

N:

Dynamic Load Factor or Reaction Factor

ηsa:

Efficiency of Shock Absorber

ηt:

Efficiency of Tire

Pe:

Extended Pressure in the Shock Absorber (Pa)

Ve:

Extended Volume in the Shock Absorber (m3)

Ps:

Static Pressure in the Shock Absorber (Pa)

Vs:

Static Volume in the Shock Absorber (m3)

Pr:

Reserve Pressure in the Shock Absorber (Pa)

Vr:

Reserve Volume in the Shock Absorber (m3)

Pao:

Initial Pressure in the Shock Absorber (Pa)

Vao:

Initial Volume in the Shock Absorber (m3)

Aao:

Pneumatic Area (m2)

s/St:

Shock Absorber Stroke (m)

Swa:

Wheel Axle Travel (m)

v:

Velocity of Aircraft (m/s)

g:

Acceleration due to gravity (m/s2)

ρ:

Density of hydraulic oil (kg/m3)

Ah:

Hydraulic Area (m2)

An:

Net Orifice Area (m2)

Cd:

Coefficient of Discharge

\( {\dot{\text{s}}} \) :

Shock Strut Telescopic Velocity (m/s)

Fty:

Tire Force (N)

z:

Tire Deflection (m)

L:

Aircraft Lift (N)

W1:

Weight of Sprung Mass (N)

W2:

Weight of Unsprung Mass (N)

m1:

Sprung Mass (kg)

m2:

Unsprung Mass (kg)

Fva:

Vertical Force on Wheel Axle (N)

Fha:

Horizontal Force on Wheel Axle (N)

Fvg:

Vertical Ground Reaction (N)

Fhg:

Horizontal Ground Reaction (N)

z1:

Deflection of Sprung mass (m)

z2:

Deflection of Unsprung mass (m)

References

  1. G. Temple, Prediction of Undercarriage Reactions, R & M No. 1927, 1944. (RAE Report, S.M.E. 3298, 1945)

    Google Scholar 

  2. M. Franz, Theoretical and experimental principles of landing gear research and development. Luftfahrtforschung 14(8), 387–419 (1937)

    Google Scholar 

  3. M.A. Biot, R.L. Bisplinghoff, Dynamic loads on airplane structures during landing, NACA Wartime Report, W-92 (1944)

    Google Scholar 

  4. W. Flugge, Landing gear impact, NACA TN 2743 (1952)

    Google Scholar 

  5. C.C. Daughetee, Drop testing naval aircraft and the VSD landing gear dynamic test facility, in 15th ASME Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference (AIAA Paper, 1974)

    Google Scholar 

  6. G.L. Ghiringhelli, Testing of semiactive landing gear control for a general aviation aircraft. J. Aircr. 37(4), 606–616 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. D.H. Chester, A parametric study of aircraft landing-impact, with emphasis on nose gear landing conditions, in ICAS Congress (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  8. T. Niezgoda, J. Malachowski, W. Kowalski, Numerical Simulation of Landing Gear Dynamics (XXI, Mecanica Computacional, 2002), pp. 2579–2586

    Google Scholar 

  9. J.P. Kong, Y.S. Lee, J.D. Han, O.S. Ahn, Drop impact analysis of smart unmanned aerial vehicle (SUAV) landing gear and comparison with experimental data. Materialwiss. Werkstofftech. 40(3), 192–197 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Z. Wen, Z. Zhi, Z. Qidan, X. Shiyue, Dynamics model of carrier-based aircraft landing gears landed on dynamic deck. Chin. J. Aeronaut. 22, 371–379 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. C.J. Xue, Y. Han, W.G. Qi, J.H. Dai, Landing gear drop test rig development and application for light airplanes, J. Aircr. 49(6) (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  12. R. Jakubowski, A. Tywoniuk, An energy absorption dynamic test of landing gear for 1400 Kg general aviation aircraft. J. KONES Powertrain Transp. 23(4), 159–165 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  13. H.G. Conway, Landing Gear Design (Chapman & Hall Ltd., 1958)

    Google Scholar 

  14. N.S. Curry, Landing Gear Design Handbook (Lockheed-Georgia Company, Marietta, Georgia, 1982)

    Google Scholar 

  15. P. Jayarami Reddy, V.T. Nagaraj, V. Ramamurti, Analysis of a semi-levered suspension landing gear with some parametric study. J. Dyn. Syst. Meas. Contr. 106(3), 218–224 (1984)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Mr. P. Jayarami Reddy, for his kind support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Structural Technologies Division, CSIR-National Aerospace Labaratories, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

    Mahesh Kadam, S. Sathish, Aditya Bujurke, Keertivardhan Joshi & Balamurugan Gopalsamy

Authors
  1. Mahesh Kadam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. Sathish
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Aditya Bujurke
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Keertivardhan Joshi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Balamurugan Gopalsamy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mahesh Kadam .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Remote Handling and Robotics, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India

    D N Badodkar

  2. Division of Remote Handling and Robotics, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Mumbai, India

    T A Dwarakanath

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Kadam, M., Sathish, S., Bujurke, A., Joshi, K., Gopalsamy, B. (2019). Dynamics of Articulated Landing Gear in Tail-Down Landing Condition. In: Badodkar, D., Dwarakanath, T. (eds) Machines, Mechanism and Robotics. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8597-0_17

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8597-0_17

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-8596-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-8597-0

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation