Skip to main content

Participatory Planning and Tourism Development in the Maldives: A Prerequisite of Sustainability?

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Managing Asian Destinations

Part of the book series: Perspectives on Asian Tourism ((PAT))

Abstract

Based on a quantitative survey of 200 local residents from two structurally different communities, this chapter investigates the extent to which locals perceive that they are represented in tourism planning and development processes in the Maldives, a classic pleasure periphery which also encourages the parallel development of community-focused tourism. Residents want to be included in local tourism policy and planning processes but feel excluded. However, alienation is much less expressed where development of and dependency on tourism is far more advanced. Participatory planning remains an elusive aspiration for local residents with vested interests in how tourism is developed given very high dependency on the sector.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Andriotis, K. (2004). Problems of island tourism development: The Greek insular regions. In B. Bramwell (Ed.), Coastal mass tourism: Diversification and sustainable development in Southern Europe (pp. 114–132). Clevedon: Channel View Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ap, J. (1992). Residents’ perceptions on tourism impacts. Annals of Tourism Research, 19(4), 665–690.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bramwell, B. (2010). Participative planning and governance for sustainable tourism. Tourism Recreation Research, 35(3), 239–249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Butler, R. W. (1980). The concept of a tourist area cycle of evolution. Canadian Geographer, 24(1), 5–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Church, A., & Coles, T. (2007). Tourism, power, and space (Vol. 7). New York/London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dodds, R., & Butler, R. W. (2008). Inaction more than action: Barriers to the implementation of sustainable tourism policies. In S. Gössling, H. C. Michael, & D. Weaver (Eds.), Sustainable tourism futures: Perspectives on systems, restructuring and innovations (pp. 43–57). New York: Routledge.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Doxey, G. V. (1976). When enough’s enough: The natives are restless in Old Niagara. Heritage Canada, 12(2), 26–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Easterling, D. (2005). The residents’ perspective in tourism research: A review and synthesis. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 17(4), 45–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elliot, J. (1997). Politics of tourism. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farrelly, T. A. (2011). Indigenous and democratic decision-making: Issues from community-based ecotourism in the Boumā National Heritage Park, Fiji. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, iFirst.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garrod, B., Fyall, A., Leask, A., & Reid, E. (2012). Engaging residents as stakeholders of the visitor attraction. Tourism Management, 33(5), 1159–1173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gunn, C. A., & Var, T. (2002). Tourism planning: Basics, concepts, cases (4th ed.). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, C. M. (2007). Politics, power and indigenous tourism. In R. W. Butler & T. Hinch (Eds.), Tourism and indigenous peoples: Issues and implications (pp. 305–331). Amsterdam: Elsevier Ltd..

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, C. M. (2008). Tourism planning: Policies, processes and relationships (2nd ed.). Essex: Pearson/Prentice Hall.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamdhoon, A. (2005). Fuvahmulah Hotalugai Ralaa Oor Maheh Nu Vihkeyne. Retrieved November 7, 2005, from http://www.haveeru.com.mv/?page=details&cat=urwbwK&id=30918

  • Hollinshead, K. (1999). Surveillance of the worlds of tourism: Foucault and the eye-of-power. Tourism Management, 20(1), 7–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huh, C., & Vogt, C. A. (2008). Changes in residents’ attitudes toward tourism over time: A cohort analytical approach. Journal of Travel Research, 46(4), 446–455.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huimin, G., & Ryan, C. (2012). Tourism destination evolution: A comparative study of Shi Cha Hai Beijing Hutong businesses’ and residents’ attitudes. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(1), 23–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ioannides, D. (2000). The dynamics and effects of tourism evolution in cyprus. In Y. Apostolopoulos, P. J. Loukissas, & L. Leontidou (Eds.), Mediterranean tourism: Facets of socioeconomic development and cultural change (pp. 112–128). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jamal, T., & Getz, D. (1995). Collaboration theory and community tourism planning. Annals of Tourism Research, 22(1), 186–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jameel, A. (2011). Fuvahmulakugai Dhe Falhu Rasheh Ufahdahifi. Retrieved September 2, 2011, from http://haveeru.com.mv/?page=details&id=116343

  • Jones, C., Barclay, E., & Mawby, R. (Eds.). (2012). The problem of pleasure: Leisure, tourism and crime. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, Z. (2003). Sustainable tourism development: A critique. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 11(6), 459–475.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maldives Tourism Act (Law no 15/79), Government of Maldives, 15/79 Stat. (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  • Merrett, N. (2013). Union raises job security fears following strike action at Kanuhura resort. Retrieved January 2, 2014, from http://minivannews.com/society/union-raises-job-security-fears-following-strike-action-at-kanuhura-resort-51607#sthash.KoF1YH2y.dpbs

  • Moosa, H. F. (2008). Gina Adhadhehge Muazzafunah Vazeefaage Haq Univaagothah Oy Vazeefaa aai Behey Qaanoonah Amalkuranfashaifi. Retrieved July 10, 2008, from http://haveeru.com.mv/?page=details&id=70597

  • MOT. (2015). Facilities in development. Retrieved January 5, 2016, from http://www.tourism.gov.mv/facilities/facilities-development/

  • MOT. (2016). Monthly updates: November 2016. Retrieved January 5, 2016, from http://www.tourism.gov.mv/statistics/arrival-updates/

  • Mowforth, M., & Munt, I. (2003). Tourism and sustainability: Development and new tourism in the third world (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mowforth, M., & Munt, I. (2009). Tourism and sustainability: Development, globalisation and new tourism in the third world (3rd ed.). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • MTAC. (2013). Maldives fourth tourism master plan 2013–2017: Strategic action plan. Malé: Ministry of Tourism, Arts and Culture.

    Google Scholar 

  • MTCA. (2007). Maldives third tourism master plan 2007–2011. Malé: Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Arts.

    Google Scholar 

  • MTCA. (2008). Fathuruverikamuge Tharageege 35 Aharu. Malé: Ministry of Tourism and Civil Aviation.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Bureau of Statistics. (2016). Statistical pocketbook of Maldives. Male’: Ministry of Finance & Treasury.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nazeer, A. (2011). Alidhoo resort sacks 12 staff members following strike over unpaid salaries. Retrieved February 13, 2018, from https://minivannewsarchive.com/society/alidhoo-resort-sacks-12-staff-members-following-strike-over-unpaidsalaries-23328

  • Niyaz, A. (2002). Tourism in Maldives: A brief history of development. Malé: Novelty Printers and Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nowak, J. J., Sahli, M., & Cortés-Jiménez, I. (2007). Tourism, capital good imports and economic growth: Theory and evidence for Spain. Tourism Economics, 13(4), 5115–5536.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reed, M. (1999). Collaborative tourism planning as adaptive experiments in emergent tourism settings. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 7(3), 331–355.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reid, D. G., Mair, H., & George, W. (2004). Community tourism planning. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3), 623–639.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ritchie, J. R. B. (1993). Crafting a destination vision: Putting the concept of resident responsive tourism into practice. Tourism Management, 14(5), 379–389.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Scheyvens, R. (1999). Ecotourism and the empowerment of local communities. Tourism Management, 20(2), 245–249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shakeela, A., & Cooper, C. (2009). Human resource issues in a small island setting: The case of the Maldivian tourism industry. Tourism Recreation Research, 34(1), 67–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shakeela, A., & Weaver, D. (2016). The exploratory social-mediatized gaze: Reactions of virtual tourists to an inflammatory YouTube incident. Journal of Travel Research, 55(1), 113–124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shakeela, A., Ruhanen, L., & Breakey, N. (2010). Women’s participation in tourism: A case from the Maldives. In N. Scott, A. Jafari, & J. (Eds.), Tourism in the Muslim world (pp. 61–71). Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Telfer, D., & Sharpley, R. (2008). Tourism and development in the developing world. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tosun, C. (1999). Towards a typology of community participation in the tourism development process. Anatolia, 10(2), 113–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, D. B. (2006). Sustainable tourism: theory and practice. Oxford: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, D. B., & Lawton, L. J. (2001). Resident perceptions in the urban-rural fringe. Annals of Tourism Research, 28(2), 439–458.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weaver, D. B., & Lawton, L. (2014). Tourism management (5th ed.). Milton: Wiley Australia.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Aishath Shakeela .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Shakeela, A., Weaver, D. (2018). Participatory Planning and Tourism Development in the Maldives: A Prerequisite of Sustainability?. In: Wang, Y., Shakeela, A., Kwek, A., Khoo-Lattimore, C. (eds) Managing Asian Destinations. Perspectives on Asian Tourism. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8426-3_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics