Skip to main content

Thermal-Metallurgical-Mechanical Analysis of Weldment Based on the CFD Simulation

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Transactions on Intelligent Welding Manufacturing

Part of the book series: Transactions on Intelligent Welding Manufacturing ((TRINWM))

  • 1015 Accesses

Abstract

A new method of numerical thermal-metallurgical-mechanical analysis was introduced in this paper. The CFD welding simulation is based on the mass and heat transfer analysis solving mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations along with the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method. The VOF method is employed to track the shape of the free surface. The arc and droplet heat source model with electromagnetic force and arc pressure model were used for the arc welding process. Next, the temperature history of CFD welding simulation was transferred to the FEM domain for thermal-metallurgical-mechanical analysis with CFD-FEM framework. The diffusion kinetics considered phase transformation model successfully predicted phase fraction and residual stress distribution of carbon steel weldment. By using the combination of suggested T-M-Me analysis method and CFD welding analysis, it is possible to reproduce a phenomenon closer to reality. Also, the recent CFD-based process analyses and results that can be extended to multi-physical analysis were briefly introduced. However, considerable assumptions and simplified models are different from real welding phenomena. To solve this gap and to use welding simulation as a prediction tool rather than a reproduction, many young researchers will need to challenge.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Rohde J, Jeppsson A (2000) Literature review of heat treatment simulations with respect to phase transformation, residual stresses and distortion. Scand J Metall 29(2):47–62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Cho SH, Kim JW (2002) Analysis of residual stress in carbon steel weldment incorporating phase transformations. Sci Technol Weld Joining 7(4):212–216

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Deng D (2009) FEM prediction of welding residual stress and distortion in carbon steel considering phase transformation effects. Mater Des 30(2):359–366

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  4. Taljat B, Radhakrishnan B, Zacharia T (1998) Numerical analysis of GTA welding process with emphasis on post-solidification phase transformation effects on residual stresses. Mater Sci Eng A 246(1):45–54

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Yaghi A, Hyde T, Becker A et al (2008) Finite element simulation of welding and residual stresses in a P91 steel pipe incorporating solid-state phase transformation and post-weld heat treatment. J Strain Anal Eng Des 43(5):275–293

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Tsirkas SA, Papanikos P, Kermanidis T (2003) Numerical simulation of the laser welding process in butt-joint specimens. J Mater Process Technol 134:59–69

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Goldak J, Chakravarti A, Bibby M (1984) A new finite element model for welding heat sources. Metall Trans B 15(2):299–305

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Cho YT, Na SJ (2005) Application of Abel inversion in real-time calculations for circularly and elliptically symmetric radiation sources. Meas Sci Technol 16(3):878–884

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Cho DW, Lee SH, Na SJ (2013) Characterization of welding arc and weld pool formation in vacuum gas hollow tungsten arc welding. J Mater Process Technol 213(2):143–152

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Deng D, Murakawa H (2006) Prediction of welding residual stress in multi-pass butt-welded modified 9Cr–1Mo steel pipe considering phase transformation effects. Comput Mater Sci 37(3):209–219

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Miyao K, Wang Z, Inoue T (1986) Analysis of temperature, stress and metallic structure in carburized-quenched gear considering transformation plasticity. J Soc Mat Sci Jpn 35(399):1352–1357

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Nagasaka Y, Brimacombe J, Hawbolt E et al (1993) Mathematical model of phase transformations and elastoplastic stress in the water spray quenching of steel bars. Metall Trans A 24(4):795–808

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Kang SH, Im YT (2007) Three-dimensional thermo-elastic–plastic finite element modeling of quenching process of plain-carbon steel in couple with phase transformation. Int J Mech Sci 49(4):423–439

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Yang QX, Yao M, Park JK (2004) Numerical simulations and measurements of temperature and stress field in medium-high carbon steel specimen after hard-face-welding. Comput Mater Sci 29(1):37–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Deng D, Murakawa H (2008) Finite element analysis of temperature field, microstructure and residual stress in multi-pass butt-welded 2.25 Cr–1Mo steel pipes. Comput Mater Sci 43(4):681–695

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Deng D, Murakawa H (2013) Influence of transformation induced plasticity on simulated results of welding residual stress in low temperature transformation steel. Comput Mater Sci 78:55–62

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Fischer F, Oberaigner E, Tanaka K et al (1998) Transformation induced plasticity revised an updated formulation. Int J Solids Struct 35(18):2209–2227

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Fischer F, Reisner G, Werner E et al (2000) A new view on transformation induced plasticity (TRIP). Int J Plast 16(7):723–748

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Cheon J, Kiran DV, Na SJ (2016) Thermal metallurgical analysis of GMA welded AH36 steel using CFD–FEM framework. Mater Des 91:230–241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Cheon J, Na SJ (2016) Influence of simulation methods of temperature distribution on thermal and metallurgical characteristics in GMA welding. Mater Des 108:183–194

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Cheon J, Na SJ (2017) Prediction of welding residual stress with real-time phase transformation by CFD thermal analysis. Int J Mech Sci 131(132):37–51

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Standard ASTM E407 (2007) Standard practice for microetching metals and alloys. ASTM International. https://doi.org/10.1520/E0407-07

  23. Hirt C, Nichols B (1988) Flow-3D user’s manual. Flow Science Inc

    Google Scholar 

  24. Cho MH, Lim YC, Farson DF (2006) Simulation of weld pool dynamics in the stationary pulsed gas metal arc welding process and final weld shape. Weld J 85(12):271–283

    Google Scholar 

  25. Kikuchi N (1986) Finite element methods in mechanics. CUP Archive

    Google Scholar 

  26. Patankar S (1980) Numerical heat transfer and fluid flow. CRC Press

    Book  Google Scholar 

  27. Cormen TH, Leiserson CE, Rivest RL et al (2001) Introduction to algorithms. MIT Press, Cambridge

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  28. Oliveira FLG, Andrade MS, Cota AB (2007) Kinetics of austenite formation during continuous heating in a low carbon steel. Mater Charact 58(3):256–261

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Macedo MQ, Cota AB, Araújo FGDS (2011) The kinetics of austenite formation at high heating rates. Rem—Revista Escola de Minas 64(2):163–167

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Cho DW, Na SJ, Cho MH et al (2013) Simulations of weld pool dynamics in V-groove GTA and GMA welding. Weld World 57(2):223–233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Cho DW, Na SJ (2015) Molten pool behaviors for second pass V-groove GMAW. Int J Heat Mass Transf 88:945–956

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Wu L, Cheon J, Kiran DV et al (2016) CFD simulations of GMA welding of horizontal fillet joints based on coordinate rotation of arc models. J Mater Process Technol 231:221–238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Cho DW, Song WH, Cho MH et al (2013) Analysis of submerged arc welding process by three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics simulations. J Mater Process Technol 213(12):2278–2291

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Kiran DV, Cho DW, Song WH et al (2014) Arc behavior in two wire tandem submerged arc welding. J Mater Process Technol 214(8):1546–1556

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Kiran DV, Cho DW, Song WH et al (2015) Arc interaction and molten pool behavior in the three wire submerged arc welding process. Int J Heat Mass Transf 87:327–340

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Cho DW, Kiran DV, Na SJ (2017) Analysis of molten pool behavior by flux-wall guided metal transfer in low-current submerged arc welding process. Int J Heat Mass Transf 110:104–112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Cho DW, Na SJ, Cho MH et al (2013) A study on V-groove GMAW for various welding positions. J Mater Process Technol 213(9):1640–1652

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Cheon J, Kiran DV, Na SJ (2016) CFD based visualization of the finger shaped evolution in the gas metal arc welding process. Int J Heat Mass Transf 97:1–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Ahn JS, Na SJ (2013) Three-dimensional thermal simulation of nanosecond laser ablation for semitransparent material. Appl Surf Sci 283:115–127

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Han SW, Ahn JS, Na SJ (2016) A study on ray tracing method for CFD simulations of laser keyhole welding: progressive search method. Weld World 60(2):247–258

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Han SW, Cho WI, Na SJ et al (2013) Influence of driving forces on weld pool dynamics in GTA and laser welding. Weld World 57(2):257–264

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Zhang YX, Han SW, Cheon J et al (2017) Effect of joint gap on bead formation in laser butt welding of stainless steel. J Mater Process Technol 249:274–284

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Ge W, Han SW, Fang Y et al (2017) Mechanism of surface morphology in electron beam melting of Ti6Al4 V based on computational flow patterns. Appl Surf Sci 419:150–158

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Cho DW, Cho WI, Na SJ (2014) Modeling and simulation of arc: laser and hybrid welding process. J Manufact Process 16(1):26–55

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Brain Korea 21 plus program and Mid-career Researcher Program through NRF of Korea (2013R1A2A1A01015605).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Suck-Joo Na .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Cheon, J., Na, SJ. (2018). Thermal-Metallurgical-Mechanical Analysis of Weldment Based on the CFD Simulation. In: Chen, S., Zhang, Y., Feng, Z. (eds) Transactions on Intelligent Welding Manufacturing. Transactions on Intelligent Welding Manufacturing. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8330-3_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8330-3_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-8329-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-8330-3

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics