Skip to main content

Concluding Comments and Structure of Online Interactive Active Fault Database

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Active Tectonics of Kumaun and Garhwal Himalaya

Part of the book series: Springer Natural Hazards ((SPRINGERNAT))

  • 350 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter provides review on all existing seismotectonic models of Himalaya and earthquake hazard and its vulnerability has been discussed specifically for Garhwal and Kumaun regions. Finally, interactive active fault database for the Uttarakhand State has been made available at Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology website. 

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ader T, Avouac JP, Liu-Zeng J, Lyon-Caen H et al (2012) Convergence rate across the Nepal Himalaya and interseismic coupling on the Main Himalayan Thrust: implications for seismic hazard. J Geophys Res 117:403. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011jb009071

  • Ambraseys N, Jackson D (2003) A note on early earthquakes in northern India and southern Tibet. Curr Sci 84(4): 570–582

    Google Scholar 

  • Ambraseys N, Douglas J (2004) Magnitude calibration of North Indian earthquakes. J Geophys Int 159:165–206

    Google Scholar 

  • Arora BR, Gahalaut VK, Kumar N (2012) Structural control on a seismicity of northwest Himalaya. J Asian Earth Sci 57:15–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Avouac J-P, Ayoub F, Lefrince S, Konca K, Hellembergner DV (2006) The 2005, Mw 7.6, Kashmir earthquake: sub-pixel correlation of ASTER images and seismic wave form analysis. Earth Planet Sci Lett 249:514–528

    Google Scholar 

  • Avouac J-P, Meng L, Wei S, Wang T, Ampuero J-P (2015) Lower edge of locked Main Himalayan Thrust unzipped by the 2015 Gorkha earthquake. Nat Geosci 8:708–711

    Google Scholar 

  • Bendick R, Bilham R, Khan MA, Khan SF (2007) Slip on an active wedge thrust from geodetic observations of the 8 October 2005 Kashmir earthquake. Geology 35(3):267–270

    Google Scholar 

  • Bettinelli P, Avouac JP, Flouzat M, Jouanne F, Bollinger L, Willis P, Chitrakarm G (2006) Plate motion of India and Interseismic strain in the Nepal Himalaya from GPS and DORIS measurements. J Geod 80:567–589

    Google Scholar 

  • Bilham R (1995) Location and magnitude of the 1833 Nepal earthquake and its relation to the rupture zones of contiguous great Himalayan earthquakes. Curr Sci 69:101–128

    Google Scholar 

  • Bilham R (2015) Raising Kathmandu, Nat Geosci 8:582–584

    Google Scholar 

  • Bollinger L, Sapkota SN, Tapponnier P, Klinger Y, Rizza M, Van der Woerd J, Tiwari DR, Pandey R, Bitri A, Bes de Berc S (2014) Estimating the return times of great Himalayan earthquakes in eastern Nepal: evidence from the Patu and Bardibas strand of the Main Frontal Thrust. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 119:7123–7163. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jb01090

  • Dunn JA, Auden JB, Ghosh AMN, Roy SC (1939) The Bihar-Nepal earthquake of 1934. Mem Geol Survey India 73:391 (reprinted 1981)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hussain A, Yeats RS, MonaLisa (2009) Geological setting of the 8 October 2005 Kashmir earthquake. J Seism 13(3):315–325

    Google Scholar 

  • Jayangondaperumal R, Daniels Robyn L, Niemi Tina M (2017b) A paleoseismic age model for large-magnitude earthquakes on fault segments of the Himalayan Frontal Thrust in the Central Seismic Gap of northern India. Quatern Int. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2017.04.008

  • Jayangondaperumal R, Kumahara Y, Thakur VC, Kumar A, Srivastava P, Shubhanshu D, Joevivek V, Dubey AK (2017a) Great earthquake surface ruptures along backthrust of the Janauri anticline, NW Himalaya. J Asian Earth Sci 133:89–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2016.05.006

  • Jayangondaperumal R, Thakur, VC (2008) Co-seismic secondary surface fractures on southeastward extension of the rupture zone of the 2005 Kashmir earthquake. Tectonophysics 446:61–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaneda H, Nakata T, Tsutsumi H, Kondo S, Sugito N, Awata Y, Akhtar S, Majid A, Khatak W, Awan A, Yeats RS, Hussain A, Ashraj M, Wesnousky SG, Kausar B (2008) Surface rupture of the 2005 Kashmir, Pakistan earthquake and its active tectonic implication. Bull Seism Soc Am 98:512–557

    Google Scholar 

  • Kao H, Chen WP (2000) The Chi-Chi earthquake sequence: active, out-of-sequence thrust faulting in Taiwan. Science 288:2346–2349

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Wesnousky SG, Rockwall TK, Briggs RW, Thakur VC, Jayangondaperumal R (2006) Paleoseismic evidence of great surface rupture earthquake along the Indian Himalaya. J Geophys Res 111:B03304. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JB00309

  • Malik JN, Naik SP, Sahoo S, Okumura K, Mohanty A (2016) Paleoseismic evidence of the CE 1505 (?) and CE 1803 earthquakes from the foothill zone of the Kumaon Himalaya along the Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT), India. Tectonophysics. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2016.07.026

  • Mishra RL, Singh I, Pandey A, Rao PS, Sahoo HK, Jayangondaperumal R (2016) Paleoseismic evidence of a giant medieval earthquake in the eastern Himalaya. Geophys Res Lett 43:5707–5715. https://doi.org/10.1002/2016GL068739

  • Mugnier JL, Gajure A, Huyghe P, Jayangndaperumal R, Jouanne F, Upreti BN (2013) Structural interpretation of the great earthquakes of the last millennium in the central Himalaya. Earth Sci Rev 127:30–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Pandey MR, Tandulkar RP, Avouac JP, Vergne J, Heritier T (1999) Seismotectonics of the Nepal Himalaya from a local seismic network. J Asian Earth Sci 17:703–712

    Google Scholar 

  • Rajendran CP, John B, Rajendran K (2015) Medieval pulse of great earthquakes in the central Himalaya: viewing past activities on the frontal thrust. J Geophys Res Solid Earth 120. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014jb011015

  • Rajendran CP, Rajendran K, Sanwal J, Sandiford M (2013) Archeological and historical database on the medieval earthquakes of the central Himalaya: ambiguities and inferences. Seism Res Lett 84(6):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1785/0229130077

  • Robinson DM, DeCelles PG, Copeland P (2006) Tectonic evolution of the Himalayan thrust belt in western Nepal. Geol Soc Am Bull 118:865–885. https://doi.org/10.1130/b25911.1

  • Sapkota SN, Bollinger L, Klinger L, Tapponnier P, Gaudemer Y, Tewari D (2013) Primary surface ruptures of the great Himalayan earthquakes in 1934 and 1255. Nat Geosci 6:71–76

    Google Scholar 

  • Thakur VC (2010) Geo-archeology at Khajnawar in western Uttar Pradesh plain. Curr Sci 98(8):1112–1119

    Google Scholar 

  • Thakur VC (2013) Active tectonics of Himalayan Frontal Fault system. Int J Earth Sci 102(7):1791–1810

    Google Scholar 

  • Yeats RS, Nakata T, Farah A, Mirza MA, Pandey MR, Stein RS (1992) The Himalayan Frontal Fault system. In: Bucknam RC, Hancock PL (eds) Major active faults of the world: results of IGCP Project 206: annales tectonicae, supplement 5, 6, pp 85–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Yin A (2006) Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Himalayan orogen as constrained by along–strike variation of structural geometry, exhumation history, and foreland sedimentation. Earth Sci Rev 28:211–280

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Database Access: The active faults displayed on this interactive Web browser cannot be used for commercial purpose. Contact: Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology (WIHG) or authors of this book when you wish to reprint or reproduce in any manner. Permission to use this data is granted to full acknowledgment of the following source.

R. Jayangondaperumal, V. C. Thakur, V. Joevivek, Rao Singh Priyanka, Anil K. Gupta (2018), Active faults of the Kumaun and Garhwal Himalaya, Springer Natural Hazards series, Springer publishers, 147 p. doi: 10.1007/978-981-10-8243-6.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to R. Jayangondaperumal .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Jayangondaperumal, R., Thakur, V.C., Joevivek, V., Rao, P.S., Gupta, A.K. (2018). Concluding Comments and Structure of Online Interactive Active Fault Database. In: Active Tectonics of Kumaun and Garhwal Himalaya. Springer Natural Hazards. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8243-6_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics