Skip to main content

Efficient Design and Simulation of Novel Exclusive-OR Gate Based on Nanoelectronics Using Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Proceeding of the Second International Conference on Microelectronics, Computing & Communication Systems (MCCS 2017)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering ((LNEE,volume 476))

Abstract

QCA is a modern transistor-less computational paradigm in nanotechnology, which encodes digital binary information via configuration of charges among quantum dots. The nanostructure’s “Quantum dots” is a liberal of promises nanotechnology for implementation of digital mode on the nanoscale in nanometer (nm), based on cells of coupled quantum dots. It is a highly intensifying nanotechnology that has very fast switching speed and power consumption extremely low as compared to transistor technique. We have implemented the novel Exclusive-OR gate using QCA technology, with designs having significant improvement in layout of quantum cell used area, latency, and power as compared to past idea. The proposed novel XOR layout based on quantum-dot cell used only 17 cells, 0.03 μm2, and latency of 0.25 clock cycles. These layouts are designed and simulated by QCA designer Version-2.0.3 tool, by taking unique features and many advantages of the nanotechnology; the complete layout circuits design on a single layer of QCA.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Santanu Santra and Utpal Roy “Design and Implementation of Quantum Cellular Automata Based Novel Adder Circuits”, International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation, Vol. 8, No. 1, 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Tamoghna Purkayastha, Debashis and Tanay Chattopadhyay “Universal shift register implementation using quantum dot cellular automata”, Faculty of Engineering, A in Shams Engineering Journal, Production and hosting by Elsevier, 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  3. David Alan Grier, “The innovation curve [Moore’s law in semiconductor industry]” Reach Higher Computer, vol. 39, pp. 8–10, Feb. 2006.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Mahalakshmi K S, Shiva Hajeri, Jayashree H V and Vinod Kumar Agrawal “Performance Estimation of Conventional and Reversible Logic Circuits using QCA Implementation Platform”, IEEE-ICCPCT, 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Dharmendra Kumar, Debasis Mitra “Design of a practical fault-tolerant adder in QCA” ELSEVIER, Microelectronics Journal Vol. 53, pp. 90–104, 2016,.

    Google Scholar 

  6. C.S. Lent, “Quantum cellular automata”, Nanotechnology, Vol. 4, pp. 49–57, 1993.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Craig S. Lent, Beth Isaksen, and Marya Lieberman “Molecular Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata”, J Am Chem Soc Articles, Vol. 125, No. 4, pp. 1056–1063, 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Rumi Zhang, Konrad Walus, Wei Wang, Member, and Graham A. Jullien “A Method of Majority Logic Reduction for Quantum Cellular Automata” IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology, Vol. 3, No. 4, December 2004.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Hema Sandhya Jagarlamudi, Mousumi Saha, and Pavan Kumar Jagarlamudi “Quantum Dot Cellular Automata Based Effective Design of Combinational and Sequential Logical Structures” International Scholarly and Scientific Research & Innovation, Vol. 5, No. 12, 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Heumpil Cho and Earl E. Swartzlander “Adder Designs and Analyses for Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata” IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology, Vol. 6, No. 3, May 2007.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Nilesh Patidar, Namit Gupta, Amita Khabia, Sumant Katiyal and K.K. Choudhary “A Novel 4-Bit Arithmetic Logic Unit Implementation In Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata” International Journal of Nanotechnology and Application (IJNA), Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 1–8, Jun 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Manisha G. Waje and Dr. P.K. Dakhole “Design and Simulation of New XOR Gate and Code converters using Quantum Dot Cellular Automata with reduced number of wire crossings” IEEE, International Conference on Circuit, Power and Computing Technologies [ICCPCT], 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Kunal Das, Debashis De and Mallika De “Modified Ternary Karnaugh Map and Logic Synthesis in Ternary Quantum Dot Cellular Automata” Taylor & Francis group, IETE Journal of Research, 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Ali Newaz Bahar, Sajjad Waheed and Nazir Hossain “A new approach of presenting reversible logic gate in nanoscale” Springer Plus, Vol. 4, No. 153, pp. 1–7, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Namit Gupta, Nilesh Patidar, Sumant Katiyal and K.. K. Choudhary “Design of Hybrid Adder-Subtractor (HAS) using Reversible Logic Gates in QCA” International Journal of Computer Applications, Vol. 53, No. 15, September 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Jadav Chandra Das and Debashis De “Reversible Comparator Design Using Quantum Dot-Cellular Automata” Taylor & Francis group, IETE Journal of Research, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Angona Sarker, Ali Newaz Bahar, Provash Kumar Biswas, Monir Morshed “A Novel Presentation of Peres Gate (PG) in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA)” European Scientific Journal, Vol. 10, No. 21, pp 101–106, July 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Rashmi Pandey, Namit gupta, Nilesh Patidar “Design and Implementation of 16-bit Arithmetic Logic Unit using Quantum dot Cellular Automata (QCA) Technique” Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 4, No. 9, pp. 10–16, September 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Rahul Singhal “Logic Realization Using Regular Structures in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA)” Dissertations and theses, Portland State University, 2011.

    Google Scholar 

  20. J. Timler and C. S. Lent “Power gain and dissipation in quantum dot cellular automata”, Journal of Appl. Phys. Vol. 91, pp. 823–830, 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Shadi Sheikhfaa, Shaahin Angiz, Soheil Sarmadi and Samira Sayedsalehi “Designing efficient QCA logical circuits with power dissipation analysis” Elsevier, Research Gate Microelectronics Journal, pp. 1–19, 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Mohammad Rafiq Beigh, Mohammad Mustafa and Firdous Ahmad “Performance Evaluation of Efficient XOR Structures in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA)” Scientific Research, Circuits and Systems, Vol. 4, 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Young-Won You and Jun-Cheol Jeon “Coplanar Wire Crossing Based QCA XOR Gate Using Nand-Nor-Inverter Gate” Asia-pacific Proceedings of Applied Science and Engineering for Better Human Life, Vol.6, pp. 41–44, 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  24. M Mustafa and M R Beigh “Design and implementation of quantum cellular automata based novel parity generator and checker circuits with minimum complexity and cell count” Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics, vol. 51, pp. 60–66, 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  25. QCA Designer Tool Version 2.0.3, Available at hyperlink: http:// www.mina.ubc.ca/qcadesigner_downloads.

  26. M. Kianpour1, R. Sabbaghi-Nadooshan2 “Novel Design of n-bit Controllable Inverter by Quantum-dot Cellular Automata” Int. J. Nonsocial. Nanotechnology, Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 117–126, June 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Mrinal Goswami, Brajendra Kumar, Harsh Tibrewal and Subhra Mazumdar “Efficient Realization of Digital Logic Circuit using QCA Multiplexer” 2nd International Conference on Business and Information Management (ICBIM), 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Firdous Ahmad, M. Mustafa, Nisar Ahmad Wani and Feroz A Mir “A novel idea of pseudo-code generator in quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA)” Int. J. Simul. Multisci. Des, Optim. Vol. 5, 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Firdous Ahmad1, Ghulam Mohiuddin Bhat and Peer Zahoor Ahmad “Novel Adder Circuits Based on Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata (QCA)” Scientific Research, Circuits and Systems, Vol. 5, pp. 142–152, 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Peer Zahoor Ahmad, Firdous Ahmad and Hilal Ahmad Khan “A new F-shaped XOR gate and its implementations as novel adder circuits based Quantum-dot cellular Automata (QCA)” IOSR Journal of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE), Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 110–117. May-Jun 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Gurmohan Singh, R. K. Sarin and Balwinder Raj “A novel robust Exclusive-OR function implementation in QCA nanotechnology with energy dissipation analysis” Springer, J Comput Electron, 2016.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mukesh Patidar .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Patidar, M., Gupta, N. (2019). Efficient Design and Simulation of Novel Exclusive-OR Gate Based on Nanoelectronics Using Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata. In: Nath, V., Mandal, J. (eds) Proceeding of the Second International Conference on Microelectronics, Computing & Communication Systems (MCCS 2017). Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 476. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8234-4_48

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8234-4_48

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-10-8233-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-10-8234-4

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics