Abstract
Due to inadequate planning, rapid development and urbanization have polluted watersheds. Hence, watersheds must be managed properly to ensure their sustainability, by taking into account the importance of landscape and ecology and different socio-economic conditions, culture and religion. Among others, one of the ways to enhance watershed management is via adequate institutional arrangement and legal framework. This chapter has selected Malaysia as a case study, and by focusing on the discharge of pollutants, this chapter demonstrates how both federal and state governments complement each other to strengthen the regulatory framework in preventing pollution in watersheds. While the federal government regulates the discharge from manufacturing processes, the state government regulates activities that are not covered by the federal government, such as aquaculture and farming.
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Notes
- 1.
‘Minister’ means the Minister charged with the responsibility for environment protection.
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Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank the Ministry of Education Malaysia for the grant awarded under the FRGS scheme (Project code: FRGS/1/2014/SSI12/UKM/02/1) and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) for the financial support provided through the Arus Perdana grant (Project code: AP-2014-009).
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Ta, G.C., Mokhtar, M., Lee, K.E., Alam, L. (2018). Institutional Arrangement and Legal Framework for the Management of Watersheds in Malaysia. In: Yoneda, M., Mokhtar, M. (eds) Environmental Risk Analysis for Asian-Oriented, Risk-Based Watershed Management. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8090-6_9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8090-6_9
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