Abstract
Indonesia and China officially started their diplomatic relations on June 09, 1950. However, the movement on September 30, 1965, led by Indonesian Communist Party (PKI) marked the darkest period in their relationship, resulting in a diplomatic dissolution in 1967. It took 23 years for the two countries to resume their diplomatic relations, which was in 1990 precisely. Since the normalization, their relations were politically and economically stronger and reached a peak as they signed a Declaration of Strategic Partnership in 2005. There is no doubt that China’s rising power in the current economic marketplace has also affected its relations with Indonesia. Put in Indonesian perspective, this section will examine six decades of Indonesia–China relations (1950–2010), particularly after the economic crisis in 1997. Furthermore, discussions on the current relations between Indonesia and China cannot be separated from the Southeast Asia’s dynamics since Indonesia continued to get China actively engaged in a multilateral relationship with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
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Notes
- 1.
Rizal Sukma, “Indonesia’s Response to the Rise of China: Growing Comfort amid Uncertainties” in Tsunekawa (2009, p. 143).
- 2.
Gudadi Sasongko, “Kronologi Hubungan RI-RRC 1950–2008” in Wibowo and Hadi (2009, p. 293).
- 3.
Rizal Sukma, “Indonesia-China Relations: The Politics of Re-Engagement,” in Asian Survey (July/August 2009, pp. 591–608).
- 4.
Gudadi Sasongko, op.cit, p. 294.
- 5.
Ibid.
- 6.
Ibid.
- 7.
Aimee Dawis, Ph.D., “How Does the ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement Prepare Indonesia to Become a Global Economic Player?” in The Indonesian Quarterly Third Edition (2010, pp. 313–314).
- 8.
Syamsul Hadi, “Hubungan Indonesia-Cina di Era Pasca-Orde Baru: Perspektif Indonesia” in I. Wibowo and Syamsul Hadi (ed.), op.cit, pp. 56–57.
- 9.
Penandatanganan Plan of Action Deklarasi Bersama Kemitraan Strategis RI-RRC (2010).
- 10.
Data is from the Ministry of Trade, Republic of Indonesia, 2011.
- 11.
China’s Global Hegemony and Opportunities for Indonesia (2008, p. 77).
- 12.
Laporan Kunjungan Kerja ke Provinsi Zhejiang (2010).
- 13.
FGD Transcript (2011).
- 14.
Buku (2008, p. 148).
- 15.
Bantarto Bandoro, “Hegemoni Cina dan Kepentingan Indonesia” in Hegemoni Global Cina dan Peluang Kemanfaatan bagi Indonesia, op.cit, p. 84.
- 16.
I. Wibowo, “Hegemoni Cina di Dunia Analisis atas Dasar ‘Soft Power’” in Hegemoni Global Cina dan Peluang Kemanfaatan Bagi Indonesia, op.cit, pp. 100–103.
- 17.
Bakrie (2007, pp. 157–202).
- 18.
Bantarto Bandoro, op.cit, p. 84.
- 19.
Storey (2011, p. 54).
- 20.
Rizal Sukma in Jun Tsunekawa (ed.), op.cit., pp. 141–142.
- 21.
Ibid., pp. 142–143.
- 22.
Nabs-Keller (October 2013).
- 23.
Storey, p. 200.
- 24.
Y. Fukuoka, K. Verico, “Indonesia-China Economic Relations in the Twenty-First Century: Opportunities and Challenges” in Kim (2016, p. 53).
- 25.
Rizal Sukma, op.cit, pp. 145–146.
- 26.
Mursitama and Yudono (2010, pp. 117–137).
- 27.
Aimee Dawis, op.cit., pp. 315–319.
- 28.
Rizal Sukma, op.cit., pp. 152–153.
- 29.
Shalendra D. Sharma, “Asian: Economic Crisis and the IMF,” Survival Vol. 40 No. 2, Summer 1998, p. 27 in Sungkar (2005, p. 8).
- 30.
Rizal Sukma, op.cit, p. 150.
- 31.
Inayati (2006, pp. 14–15).
- 32.
Bantarto Bandoro, op.cit., p. 88.
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Christin Sinaga, L. (2018). The Dynamics of Indonesia–China Relations in Politics, Defense-Security, and Economy in Southeast Asia: An Indonesian Perspective. In: Christin Sinaga, L. (eds) Six Decades of Indonesia-China Relations. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8084-5_1
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