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Anticancer Plants: Natural Products and Biotechnological Implements pp 19–39Cite as

Gastrointestinal Bezoar Stones: Current Knowledge and Future Perspective on the Potential of Plant-Derived Phytobezoar in Cancer Treatment

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Abstract

Bezoar stone formation is an infrequent event in the gastrointestinal (GI) system due to the chemical reaction between stomach bile and the high intake of nondigestible food materials. There are mainly four types of GI bezoars: trichobezoar, lactobezoar, pharmacobezoar, and phytobezoar, and formations of these bezoars in humans are physical disorders which require clinical treatments. Intriguingly, phytobezoars such as Calculus bovis obtained from ox/cattle have been used in China as medicine since 2000 years ago. Modern science found C. bovis possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and identification of its chemical constituent led to successful synthesis of the artificial medicinal bezoar. Phytobezoars, major type of GI bezoar, can also be found in animals besides ox/cattle, and these bezoars have been traditionally used to treat against poison, and more recently those obtained from porcupines are used by Asian Chinese to treat cancer. However, to date, medicinal values of porcupine bezoars lack scientific proof. Therefore, understanding on the factors that lead to bezoar formation in the GI tract, identification of their chemical composition, and elucidation of underlying physiological mechanism modulated by phytobezoars are important to provide guidance in their usage in treating various ailments including cancer. In this chapter, the development of different bezoar stones in the GI tract is summarized on the pharmacological action of phytobezoars C. bovis, and porcupine bezoar is presented on the medicinal values of these phytobezoars. Moreover, distinct composition and classification of plant materials found in the phytobezoars and their potential benefits in cancer treatment are also discussed.

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Acknowledgment

We thank Soon Hing Cheong Ginseng Co for the generous financial support and the supply of porcupine dates. Financial support by Monash University Malaysia is also gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

    Peng Nian Yew, Yau Yan Lim & Wai Leng Lee

  2. Novel Bacteria and Drug Discovery Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia

    Bey Hing Goh

  3. Center of Health Outcomes Research and Therapeutic Safety, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand

    Bey Hing Goh

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Correspondence to Wai Leng Lee .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Gandhi Faiz-e-Aam College, Shahjahanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Mohd Sayeed Akhtar

  2. Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

    Mallappa Kumara Swamy

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Yew, P.N., Goh, B.H., Lim, Y.Y., Lee, W.L. (2018). Gastrointestinal Bezoar Stones: Current Knowledge and Future Perspective on the Potential of Plant-Derived Phytobezoar in Cancer Treatment. In: Akhtar, M., Swamy, M. (eds) Anticancer Plants: Natural Products and Biotechnological Implements. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8064-7_2

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